ICSE Class 10 Biology: Reproductive System — Important Questions with Answers 2026

Short Answer Questions (2-3 Marks)

• Q: Draw a labelled diagram of the male reproductive system.
  Ans: Parts: (1) Testes (pair, in scrotum) — produce sperm and testosterone. (2) Epididymis — stores and matures sperm. (3) Vas deferens — tube carrying sperm from testis to urethra. (4) Seminal vesicles, Prostate gland, Cowper's gland — produce seminal fluid. (5) Urethra — common passage for urine and semen. (6) Penis — organ of copulation.
• Q: Draw a labelled diagram of the female reproductive system.
  Ans: Parts: (1) Ovaries (pair) — produce ova (eggs) and female hormones (estrogen, progesterone). (2) Fallopian tubes (oviducts) — site of fertilisation. Fimbriae at the end collect the released ovum. (3) Uterus (womb) — site of implantation and development of embryo/fetus. (4) Cervix — neck of the uterus. (5) Vagina — birth canal.
• Q: What is menstruation? Describe the menstrual cycle.
  Ans: Menstruation is the periodic breakdown and discharge of the uterine lining (endometrium) with blood, occurring approximately every 28 days. Phases: (1) Menstrual phase (Day 1-5): Endometrium sheds, bleeding occurs. (2) Follicular phase (Day 6-13): FSH stimulates follicle growth, estrogen repairs endometrium. (3) Ovulation (Day 14): LH surge causes release of ovum from ovary. (4) Luteal phase (Day 15-28): Corpus luteum secretes progesterone, endometrium thickens for possible implantation.

Long Answer / Application Questions (4-6 Marks)

• Q: Explain the process of fertilisation and implantation in humans.
  Ans: Fertilisation: Sperm travels through vagina → uterus → fallopian tube. One sperm fuses with the ovum in the fallopian tube, forming a zygote (2n). The zygote undergoes rapid cell division (cleavage) to form a ball of cells called blastocyst. Implantation: The blastocyst embeds itself in the thick endometrium of the uterus (about 7 days after fertilisation). The placenta develops, connecting embryo to mother's blood supply for exchange of nutrients, O₂, and waste.

Exam Tips for This Chapter

• Revise all definitions and laws from Reproductive System — they are commonly asked as 1-2 mark questions
• Practice diagrams related to Reproductive System — neat labelled diagrams carry 2-3 marks
• For numericals, always show formula → substitution → answer with correct units
• Previous year analysis shows Reproductive System carries 8-12 marks in the board exam