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Landforms

Solutions for Geography, Class 6, ICSE

Exercises

19 questions

Question 1(a)

This is a young fold mountain in South America.

Rockies
Himalayas
Andes
Alps

Exercises

Answer:

Andes

Question 1(b)

This mountain was formed due to faulting.

Himalayas
Vindhyas
Mt Kilimanjaro
Rockies

Exercises

Answer:

Vindhyas

Question 1(c)

This is an example of a lava plateau in India.

Deccan Plateau
Meseta Plateau
Central Massif
Katanga Plateau

Exercises

Answer:

Deccan Plateau

Question 1(d)

Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the codes given below:

List I: Names of relief features	List II: Relief features
A. Alps	1. block mountains
B. Amazon Basin	2. fold mountains
C. Harz Mountains	3. a dissected plateau
D. Meseta	4. plains

Choose the right option from the following:

A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2
A-1, B-3, C-4, D-2
A-2, B-4, C-1, D-3
A-3, B-1, C-2, D-4

Exercises

Answer:

A-2, B-4, C-1, D-3

Question 1(e)

Arrange the following relief features under the correct headings in the given table.

Deccan, Andes, Brazilian Highlands, Indus, Aravallis, Urals, Chota Nagpur, Amazon Basin

Mountains	Plains	Plateaus

Exercises

Answer:

Mountains	Plains	Plateaus
Andes	Indus	Deccan
Aravallis	Amazon Basin	Brazilian Highlands
Urals		Chota Nagpur

Question 2

State whether the following statements are 'true' or 'false'. Correct and rewrite the false statements.

Old fold mountains have tall snow-covered peaks.
The Tibetan Plateau is an ancient lava plateau.
Plains are very rich in mineral reserves.
Rivers in the plains are navigable.
Terrace cultivation is done in the mountains.

Exercises

Answer:

False
Correct Statement — Young fold mountains have tall snow-covered peaks.
False
Correct Statement — The Deccan Plateau is an ancient lava plateau.
False
Correct Statement — Plateaus are very rich in mineral reserves.
True
True

Question 3

Name the following:

Tallest range of the Himalayas
An extinct volcano
The longest rift valley systems in the world
An important mineral found in the Chota Nagpur Plateau

Exercises

Answer:

The Greater Himalayas
Mt Kilimanjaro in Tanzania, Africa
The East African Rift System
Coal

Question 4(a)

Distinguish between Exogenous and Endogenous processes.

Exercises

Answer:

Differences between Exogenous and Endogenous processes:

Exogenous processes	Endogenous processes
Exogenous or external processes operate above the Earth's surface.	The processes that take place below the surface of the Earth, in the interior, are known as endogenous or internal processes.
Exogenous processes involve external agents like wind, water, and glaciers that modify landforms through weathering, erosion, transportation, and deposition.	Endogenous processes involve internal forces such as folding, faulting, and volcanic activities that create new landforms.

Question 4(b)

Distinguish between Fold and Block mountains.

Exercises

Answer:

Differences between Fold and Block mountains:

Fold Mountains	Block Mountains
Formed by creasing or buckling of the Earth's crust due to forces of compression.	Formed due to the faulting (cracking) of the Earth's crust.
Collision between plates cause the edges of the plates to be raised or uplifted to form mountains.	The crustal block between two fault lines subsides along the plane, leaving two raised blocks mountains, and the part that subsides is called Rift Valley.
They have high, pointed, rugged peaks.	They have extremely steep sides and a flattened summit.
Examples- the Andes, Rockies and Himalayas.	Examples- The Vindhyas and Satpuras of India, the Sierra Nevada of North America, the Harz Mountains of Germany.

Question 4(c)

Distinguish between Old fold and Young fold mountains.

Exercises

Answer:

Differences between Old fold and Young fold mountains:

Old fold mountains	Young fold mountains
Old fold mountains were formed several hundred million years ago.	Young fold mountains were formed a few million years ago.
They have gentle slopes and low rounded peaks, since they have been worn down by agents of denudation such as rivers and glaciers over a long period of time.	They generally consist of parallel ranges with steep slopes and tall peaks which remain snow-covered due to the high elevation.
Examples- The Aravallis and Urals	Examples- The Alps and Himalayas

Question 4(d)

Distinguish between a lava plateau and a dissected plateau.

Exercises

Answer:

Differences between lava plateau and dissected plateau:

Lava Plateau	Dissected Plateau
Formed when magma erupts through long fissures instead of a single vent and spreads over a large area, cooling and solidifying into layers of lava. Repeated eruptions over time build up a broad, flat volcanic plateau.	Formed when an existing plateau is deeply eroded by rivers over time. The running water cuts deep valleys into the surface, breaking it into irregular, elevated sections.
Typically smooth and flat due to successive lava flows.	Has an uneven and rugged surface due to extensive erosion.
Example- The Deccan Plateau of India	Example- The Meseta Plateau in Central Spain

Question 4(e)

Distinguish between Tibetan Plateau and Deccan Plateau.

Exercises

Answer:

Differences between Tibetan Plateau and Deccan Plateau:

Tibetan Plateau	Deccan Plateau
The Tibetan Plateau is the highest Intermontane plateau.	The Deccan Plateau is a Volcanic or Lava Plateau.
Located between the Himalayas and the Kunlun Mountains.	Located in Southern India.
Lies at a very high elevation.	Has gentle slopes and lies at a lower elevation.
It is of recent origin.	It is of ancient origin.

Question 5(a)

Give one reason to explain the following:

Plateaus are also referred to as 'tablelands'.

Exercises

Answer:

Plateaus have a broad and flat summit that has earned them the name of 'tablelands'.

Question 5(b)

Give one reason to explain the following:

Most fold mountains occur at margins of plates.

Exercises

Answer:

Folding or bucking of the earth's crust generally happens when two plates collide or move towards each other. The collision causes the edges of the plates to be raised or uplifted to form mountains. Most fold mountains thus occur at margins of plates.

Question 5(c)

Give one reason to explain the following:

Old fold mountains have low, rounded peaks.

Exercises

Answer:

Old fold mountains have low, rounded peaks since they have been worn down by agents of denudation such as rivers and glaciers over a long period of time.

Question 6(a)

How are mountains classified into different types according to their mode of formation?

Exercises

Answer:

Mountains are often classified according to their mode of formation.

Fold Mountains — Formed by the folding or buckling of the earth's crust due to forces of compression. For example, the Andes, Rockies and Himalayas.
Block Mountains — Formed due to faulting (because of tensional forces), which results in the earth's crust breaking into blocks. When a crustal block subsides along the fault plane, it leaves behind two uplifted blocks on each side. These uplifted blocks are called Block mountains. For example, Satpuras, Sierra Nevada and Harz Mountains.
Volcanic Mountains — Formed when magma along with ash and small rocks particles erupt from a volcano and on reaching the surface, it cools down and solidifies around the vent. The lava piles up gradually, thereby building up a conical volcanic mountain. For example, Mt Etna and Mt Fujiyama.

Question 6(b)

How are plateaus beneficial for us?

Exercises

Answer:

Plateaus are beneficial for us in the following ways:

Plateaus, especially the ancient ones, are very rich in mineral deposits. Therefore, many mining fields have developed in the Brazilian Plateau, plateaus of east Africa and the Chota Nagpur Plateau of India.
Agriculture can be practised in the lava plateaus as they are made up of fertile black soil.
Rivers such as the Congo and Colorado that descend from the edges of plateaus create waterfalls. Water falling from a height is ideal for hydroelectric power generation.
Some of the plateaus render natural beauty to the landscape and hence have become attractive tourist spots.

Question 6(c)

How are alluvial plains formed? How are the plains most suitable for economic activities?

Exercises

Answer:

Plains that are formed by the deposition of alluvium by rivers are called alluvial plains. The plains are most suitable for economic activities in the following ways:

Plains formed by rivers are intensively cultivated as they have fertile soils and abundant water supply.
The flat land makes it easy to build roadways, railways and buildings.
Rivers in the plains are navigable, which supports trade and transport.
They support dense population and the growth of towns and industries.

Question 6(d)

Explain the major differences in the way of life of the people of the mountains and plains.

Exercises

Answer:

Differences in the way of life of the people of the mountains and plains —

Basis of Comparison	Life in the Mountains	Life in the Plains
Population Density	Mountains are rocky and steep; hence, fewer people choose to live on the difficult terrain.	Plains are flat, which makes it easier to build houses and roads on them. Thus, plains are usually densely populated.
Shelter and clothing	Most of the houses are made of wood and have slanting roofs to help the snow or rain slide off. Since mountains and hills are are colder, people wear woollen clothes for many months in a year.	Most of the houses are made of clay and bricks. Light, cotton clothing is preferred for many months of the year. Areas that receive heavy rainfall have houses with slanting roofs, while areas that receive moderate to less rainfall have flat roofs.
Cultivation	Cultivation is difficult on rugged slopes. Some crops such as tea and coffee may be grown on gentle slopes. Cereals and vegetables can be grown through terraced cultivation.	Plains are fertile and easy to cultivate. Hence, many types of crops are grown here.
Transport	Transport network is not well developed in the mountains due to the steep and rugged terrain. Roadways are the most common means of transport and help in internal movement of people and goods.	It is easy to establish a dense network of roads and railways on flat, level land of the plains. The rivers here are navigable.
Industries	It is difficult to establish large factories on uneven terrain. Sourcing of raw materials and distribution of finished products are also difficult.	Large-scale industrialisation is possible as the land surface is even and transport network is well developed.
Occupation	Agriculture, handicraft production and tourism are common occupations.	Agriculture, industry and trade are important occupations.

Reflective Learning

1 question

Question 1

Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow:

Mountains are most commonly formed by folding or buckling of the Earth's crust due to forces of compression. These are thus called fold mountains. This process generally happens when two plates collide or move towards each other. The collision causes the edges of the plates to be raised or uplifted to form mountains. Most fold mountains thus occur at margins of plates, notable examples being the Andes, Rockies and Himalayas. Fold mountains are of two types—

young fold mountains such as the Himalayas and the Alps were formed a few million years ago.
On the other hand, old fold mountains such as the Aravallis and the Urals were formed several hundred million years ago.

Name two mountain ranges that lie on the edges of the plates.
Draw a diagram to show a folded topography.
What are the different types of fold mountains? Mention with example.

Reflective Learning

Answer:

Two prominent mountain ranges that lie on the edges of plates are the Himalayas and the Andes.
Diagram showing folded topography

Draw a diagram to show a folded topography. Frank Middle School Geography Solutions ICSE Class 6.

Fold Mountains are of two types:

Young Fold Mountains —
1. Formed a few million years ago.
2. They have parallel ranges with steep slopes and tall peaks which remain snow-covered due to the high elevation.
3. Examples: The Alps and the Himalayas
Old Fold Mountains —
1. Formed several hundred million years ago.
2. They have gentle slopes and low rounded peaks, since they have been worn down by agents of denudation such as rivers and glaciers over a long period of time.
3. Examples — The Aravallis and the Urals