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Solutions for Computer Applications, Class 10, CBSE
How do you add a background color for all <h1> elements?
We define a rule for <h1> tag and use the property background-color to set the background color for all h1 elements.
For example, to set the background color of all <H1> elements to blue, we define the rule as follows:
h1 { background-color : blue ; }How do you display a border like this :
The top border = 10 pixels
The bottom border = 5 pixels
The left border = 20 pixels
The right border = 1pixel
To display the given border, we use the border-width property and write the values in the order — top, right, bottom, left. Thus, the rule will be written as follows:
selector { border-width : 10px 1px 5px 20px ; }How do you make each word in a text start with a capital letter ?
To make each word in a text start with a capital letter we set the value of text-transform property to capitalize.
For example, to make each word in all <H1> elements start with a capital letter, we define a rule as:
h1 { text-transform : capitalize ; }Perform as instructed below.
(a) Create an HTML file namely index.html file with following guidelines :
x Make sure there are at least 2 paragraphs (<p>) in your HTML file
x Use h1, h2 and h3 headings
x Use a numbered and a bulleted list
x Use a table
x At least 4 hyperlinks
(b) Link to an external style sheet namely personal.css from your index.html file.
(c) Create a CSS document called personal.css (Make sure you save as type .css) with rules for the following :
x Have your h2 headings :
(a) Appear in a color of your choice
(b) Be centered on the page (text-align: center;)
(c) In the Serif font family of your choice
x Double the H1 headings size (relative font size)
x For paragraphs
(a) Specify a font family and font size.
(b) Give a background color with 5 px padding on each side
x For tables
(a) Specify a border of width 3px
(b) Table heading in bold
x Remove the underline in your links.
(d) View the html file in a browser
(e) Create another CSS file with different style rules for above mentioned elements and then link index.html to this CSS file. Now view index.html and see the change.
index.html
<html>
<head>
<link rel = "stylesheet" type = "text/css" href = "personal.css">
<title>HTML Introduction</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Introduction to HTML</h1>
<h2> What is HTML ? </h2>
<p>
HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) is the standard markup language used for creating and structuring web pages. HTML uses a system of tags and elements to define the different components and content of a web page.
</p>
<p>
HTML forms the foundation of web development and is often combined with CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) and JavaScript to create interactive and visually appealing websites.
</p>
<h3> Advantages of HTML </h3>
<ol>
<li>Universal support across web browsers.</li>
<li>Easy to learn and understand syntax.</li>
<li>Platform independence for broad device compatibility.</li>
<li>Seamless integration with CSS and JavaScript.</li>
</ol>
<h3>Limitations of HTML</h3>
<ul>
<li>Limited styling and layout control.</li>
<li>Lack of built-in interactivity.</li>
<li>Insufficient data handling capabilities.</li>
<li>Browser compatibility issues.</li>
</ul>
<table>
<caption>Some tags of HTML</caption>
<tr>
<th>Tag</th>
<th>Description</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>B tag</td>
<td>Used to make text bold</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>I tag</td>
<td>Used to make text italic</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p>Check out these links to learn more about HTML:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://www.w3schools.com">W3 Schools</a></li>
<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML">HTML Wikipedia</a></li>
<li><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML">HTML MDN</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.html.com">HTML Code Tutorial</a></li>
</ul>
</body>
</html>personal.css
h2 {
color: red ;
text-align: center ;
font-family: Times New Roman ;
}
h1 {
font-size: 2em ;
}
p {
font-family: Arial ;
font-size: 10px ;
background-color: cyan ;
padding: 5px 5px 5px 5px ;
}
table {
border: 3px solid;
}
th {
border: 3px solid; font-weight: bold ;
}
td {
border: 3px solid;
}
a {
text-decoration: none ;
}
new-personal.css
h2 {
color: blue ;
text-align: left ;
font-family: Verdana ;
}
h1 {
font-size: 3em ;
}
p {
font-family: Georgia ;
font-size: 14px ;
background-color: green ;
padding: 3px 8px 3px 8px ;
}
table {
border: 1px dashed;
}
th {
border: 1px dashed; font-weight: normal ;
}
td {
border: 1px dashed;
}
a {
text-decoration: overline ;
}
Which of the following is not one of the DHTML technology ?
WWW
Reason — DHTML is a combination of HTML, CSS, JavaScript and DOM (Document Object Model) while the World Wide Web (WWW) is the system of interconnected hypertext documents accessed through the internet, it is not considered a DHTML technology itself. Instead, the WWW is the platform or environment where DHTML technologies are utilized to create interactive and dynamic web pages.
The acronym CSS stands for what ?
Cascading Style Sheets
Reason — CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets.
What property would you use to create space between the element's border and inner content ?
padding
Reason — Padding defines the inner distance between the border and the content of the element.
How do you tell the browser you are creating a styling section with an internal style sheet ?
<style type="css"></style><class type="css"></class>class type="text/css"></class><style type="text/css"></style><style type="text/css"></style>
Reason — To embed a style sheet in a web page, we use the <style> tag only within the <head> tag of a web page in the following way:
<HEAD>
<STYLE TYPE = "TEXT/CSS">
... CSS rules ...
</STYLE>
</HEAD>To reference a style sheet across multiple HTML pages, how would you define your CSS ?
External Style Sheet
Reason — To reference a style sheet across multiple HTML pages, we define our CSS as an external style sheet.
What is the correct CSS syntax for making all the <span> elements bold ?
<span style="font-size:bold"><span style="text-size:bold">span {font-weight:bold}
Reason — The property font-weight specifies the boldness or heaviness for a font. In the given code, the content of span is set to bold.
In the following code snippet, what value is given for the left margin :
margin: 5px 10px 3px 8px;
8px
Reason — The order of border margin values is top, right, bottom and left. Thus, the value given for the left margin is 8 pixels.
What property is used to change the text color of an element ?
color:
Reason — color property is used to change the text color of an element. For example:
p {color : red ;}
Which is the correct CSS syntax ?
{p:color=black(p}p {color: black;}{p;color:black}p:color=blackp {color: black;}
Reason — The correct CSS syntax is :
selector {color : value ;}
The option p {color: black;} follows correct CSS syntax.
What is the correct CSS syntax to change the font name ?
font-family:
Reason — font-family: is used to define a list of fonts that should be used to display a given element or web page.
Which HTML attribute is used to define inline CSS styles ?
style
Reason — STYLE attribute is used to define inline CSS styles. For example,
<H3 STYLE = "FONT-FAMILY = ARIAL">
How do you make each word in a text start with a capital letter ?
text-transform:capitalize
Reason — When the value of text-transform is set to capitalize, it will capitalize the first letter of each word.
What is the correct CSS syntax for making all the <p> tag's font size 14px ?
p {14px}p {font-size: 14px;}p {text-size: 14px;}p {font: 14px;}p {font-size: 14px;}
Reason — The correct syntax for changing all the <p> tag's font size is :
p {font-size : value ;}
The given option follows the correct CSS syntax.
Which CSS property controls the text size ?
font-size
Reason — font-size property is used to set the size of a font.
How do you insert padding so that it is :
10 pixels at the top
15 pixels at the bottom
5 pixels at the right
10 pixels to the left
padding:10px 5px 15px 10px ;
Reason — The order of padding values is top, right, bottom and left. Thus, to insert the given padding, we write the definition as follows:
padding:10px 5px 15px 10px ;
How do you display hyperlinks without an underline?
a {text-decoration:none}
Reason — To display hyperlinks without an underline, the value of text-decoration property is set to none.
Which property is used to change the background color ?
background-color
Reason — The background-color property is used to change the background color of an element. For example,
h1 {background-color : yellow; }
Which property is used to increase and decrease the text size ?
font-size
Reason — font-size property is used to increase and decrease the text size in the following way:
h3 {font-size : 8pt; }
What would this CSS rule do ?
p { color:red;
}
Make the fonts of all paragraphs red.
Reason — The breakup of the rule is as follows:
p is a selector in CSS, which targets all <p> elements. In HTML, <p> elements represent paragraphs.{} encloses the declaration block, which contains one or more property-value pairs.color:red; is a property-value pair within the declaration block. Here, the color property is set to red, which means the text color of all <p> elements will be changed to red.So, applying this CSS rule to an HTML page would result in all paragraphs being displayed with red text color.
What would this CSS rule do ?
h2 { font-size:2em;
}
Make fonts in all h2 tags double in size.
Reason — The breakup of the rule is as follows:
h2 is a selector in CSS, which targets all <h2> elements. In HTML, <h2> represents a heading level 2.{} encloses the declaration block, which contains one or more property-value pairs.font-size:2em; is a property-value pair within the declaration block. Here, the font-size property is set to 2em. The value 2em means the font size will be twice the size of the default font size.So, applying this CSS rule to an HTML page would result in all heading level 2 elements (<h2>) being displayed with a font size that is twice the default font size.
How do you link an external stylesheet to a page.
<link href='somefile.css'><link rel='stylesheet' src='somefile.css'><script rel='stylesheet' href=' somefile.css'> </script><link rel='stylesheet' href='somefile.css'><link rel='stylesheet' href='somefile.css'>
Reason — The correct syntax is explained below:
<link> is an HTML tag used to include external resources, such as stylesheets.rel='stylesheet' is an attribute that specifies the relationship between the current document and the linked resource. In this case, it indicates that the linked resource is a stylesheet.href='somefile.css' is the attribute that specifies the location (URL or file path) of the external CSS file. In this case, it points to a file named "somefile.css".By using this <link> tag with the correct attributes, we can connect an external CSS file (such as "somefile.css") to our HTML document, allowing the styles defined in the CSS file to be applied to the web page.
Which one of these name and value declarations would not work ?
margin;20px 30%:
Reason — In CSS, declarations follow the format of property: value;. The value is assigned to the corresponding property, separated by a colon : and terminated by a semicolon ;.
The option margin;20px 30%: has an incorrect syntax. The semicolon ; should be a colon : before the value and the colon : at the end should be a semicolon ;.
Which of the following CSS types is defined in the header of a Web page and applies to the entire Web page document ?
Embedded
Reason — Embedded or internal styles are defined in the header of a Web page using the <style> tag and apply to the entire Web page document.
Which of the following type of CSS is coded in the body of the Web page as an attribute of an HTML tag and applies ONLY to the specific element that contains it as an attribute ?
Inline
Reason — Inline style of CSS is coded in the body of the Web page as an attribute of an HTML tag and applies ONLY to the specific element that contains it as an attribute.
Where in an HTML document is the correct place to refer to an external style sheet ?
In Head section
Reason — A <LINK> tag is used in the head section of HTML document to link the HTML page to an external CSS file.
Use the CSS ............... property to configure the cellpadding of a table.
table { padding : 50px 20px 20px 20px ; }What is the utility of dynamic websites ?
The utility of dynamic websites are as follows:
What are some features of dynamic websites ?
Some features of dynamic websites are as follows:
What do you understand by Stylesheets? How are these useful ?
A style sheet is a file containing formatting guidelines that define the overall look of a document.
Style sheets are useful in the following ways:
What is CSS style rule? How do you define it ?
A CSS rule is a single statement in a style sheet that identifies what should be styled (the selector) and how those styles should be applied (the declaration).
We define a rule by writing the selector tag without angle brackets. The properties and their values are written in the following syntax:
selector { propertyname : value ; propertyname : value ; ...}For example, if we want <H3 tag to have font face Arial and red color then we define the style rule as follows:
h3 { font.family : Arial ; color : red ; }What are three ways of creating style rules? Give examples of each.
The three ways of creating style rules are as follows:
1. Inline — Styles are embedded right within the HTML code they affect. For example,
<h3 style = "font.family = Arial ; color = red ">2. Internal — Styles are placed within the header information of the web page and then affect all the corresponding tags on the page. For example,
<HEAD>
<STYLE TYPE = "TEXT/CSS">
h3 { font.family : Arial ; color : red ; }
</STYLE>
</HEAD>3. External — Styles are coded in a separate document, which is then referenced from within the header of the actual web page. For example, let there be a CSS file named sample.css :
h3 { font.family : Arial ; color : red ; }
p { font.family : Times New Roman ; color : blue ; }
...and so on...To link sample.css file to an HTML document, we use the <link tag in the following manner:
<HEAD>
<LINK REL = "STYLE SHEET" TYPE = "TEXT/CSS" HREF = "SAMPLE.CSS">
</HEAD>What is the Cascading order of different style types ?
The cascading order of different style types from higher precedence to lower precedence is :
Where do you place the code to associate a Web page with an external style sheet ?
To associate a Web page with an external style sheet, we place the code in the head tag in the following manner :
<HEAD>
<LINK REL = "STYLE SHEET" TYPE = "TEXT/CSS" HREF = "SAMPLE.CSS">
</HEAD>where, sample.css is the name of the CSS file.