Internet Basics

Web Portal

Host

Source Code

PHP

Web Page

GUI Browser

Text based Browser

Network News Transfer Protocol (NNTP)

Tags

Company blog

a. ISP — Internet Service Provider

b. HTML — Hypertext Markup Language

1. HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)
2. TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)

The differences between a web page and website are as follows:

i. http is the scheme component of the URL.

ii. In 'www.discoveryadventures', 'www' is the host component and 'discoveryadventures' is the domain name component.

iii. .com is the domain extension component.

Meghna wants to access Internet. She opens the browser and then types the web address of the website which consists of multiple web pages.

A network of computers can consist of two or more computers that can connect and share information.

WWW is an acronym for World Wide Web.

The web uses the Hypertext Transfer protocol for the transfer of the web pages over the Internet.

A person who uses the Internet uses a software known as a web browser to request for a document or a web page located on the web.

A server is a program that runs on a machine and is meant to provide services to the machines (clients) connected to it.

A client is a computer system which uses a network to access a remote service from the server.

A web server is a type of server which is responsible for providing web content.

The ICANN (Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers) has designed a system to provide a unique address to each computer in the form of numbers or characters.

Site files have all the elements of your website which may include images, documents, templates, and HTML files.

The rules, which determine how the data should be transferred over the networks, compressed, and presented on the screen, etc., are called protocol.

HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure) protocol is widely used for secure communication on the Internet.

Hypertext Transfer protocol determines how different programs exchange data over the Internet.

Usenet stands for User's Network.

A newsgroup is an online discussion forum where remotely connected users share and discuss a particular topic.

Web page

Reason — A web page is a document commonly written in HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) that is hosted on the Internet.

URL

Reason — The Uniform Resource Locator denotes the global address of web documents and web resources.

Blog

Reason — Blog is an online platform that is an easy-to-create website, consisting of a signed and dated log of individual posting.

E-mail

Reason — E-mail is an electronic messaging system that allows one to send and receive letters and attachments in real time.

DNS

Reason — Domain Name System is a character-based addressing system.

CMS

Reason — A Content Management System aids in managing the content of a website. It helps the author in creating, designing, and modifying the content of a website.

All of these

Reason — The content of a web page is made up of hypertext, hyperlinks, text and graphics.

Web Server

Reason — A web server is commonly used for hosting our websites or can be used for hosting files, images, games, and similar contents.

.int

Reason — .int is an extension of International organisations.

IP

Reason — The Internet Protocol (IP) is responsible for the right delivery of the data over the Internet.

Path

Reason — Path is the last part of a URL which denotes the actual location of a web resource.

Transport Layer Security

Reason — HTTPS protocol encrypts the information or data using the Transport Layer Security.

.info

Reason — .info is an extension of information domain.

File Transfer Protocol

Reason — Full form of FTP is File Transfer Protocol.

Pre defined

Reason — HTML uses pre-defined tags.

Browser

Reason — A software used to open web pages on the Internet is called a browser.

True

Reason — The Internet is the overarching network infrastructure, while the World Wide Web is one of the many services that utilize the Internet for information and content delivery. They are related but distinct concepts, with the Internet serving as the foundation for various online services, including the World Wide Web (WWW).

False

Reason — The Internet is not administered by HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol). HTTP is just one of the protocols used on the Internet, specifically for transmitting hypertext and multimedia content on the World Wide Web (WWW).

True

Reason — HTML is the standard markup language used to create web pages and is used to structure the content of a web page, define its layout, and incorporate elements like text, images, links, and multimedia.

True

Reason — A website is a collection of publicly accessible interlinked web pages, containing related information, hosted on a web server under a single domain name.

False

Reason — The Uniform Resource Locator denotes the global address of the documents and other resources on the World Wide Web.

False

Reason — A blog is an easy-to-create website, which consists of a signed and dated log of individual posting.

True

Reason — Dynamic content refers to web content that is generated based on the viewer's request and preferences. The content will change if another user views it at the same time, or the same user views the web page at a different time.

False

Reason — HTTP itself is not designed for direct access to user files. It is primarily used for transferring and displaying web pages.

False

Reason — In HTTPS, the information or data flows from server to browser in an encrypted form.

True

Reason — Bloggers create and maintain blogs to share their thoughts, expertise, or interests with an online audience.

False

Reason — The ability for readers to add comments is a common feature on many blogs, and it promotes interaction and engagement between the blogger and their audience.

True

Reason — In micro-blogging, the focus is on short and frequent updates about the routine tasks, thoughts, or activities of an individual or a company.

The components of the URL are as follows:

1. The Scheme — This is the first part of a web address, also known as the protocol identifier. It tells the Internet browser which protocol needs to be followed to access the address.
2. The Host — The second part of the web address identifies the host. The host starts typically with "www", which indicates the World Wide Web. This tells the browser where the resource, i.e., the site is located on the Internet.
3. The Domain — A domain name follows the host. It is the unique name given to each website. The domain name consists of two parts — one is the name of the domain, and the other is the web (or domain) extension. A web extension tells the kind of organisation and the country it belongs to.
4. The Path — This is the last part of the URL. The path tells the browser regarding the file to be used from the domain directory.

Let us consider an example URL — https://www.india.gov.in/india-glance/states-india

In the given example, the different components of a URL are as follows:

Scheme — https://
Host — www
Domain — india.gov.in
Path — india-glance/states-india

Dynamic content refers to web content that is generated based on the viewer's request and preferences. The content will change if another user views it at the same time, or the same user views the web page at a different time. It is appropriate for displaying user-specific information, e.g., shopping cart, or live information like news and weather updates.

The difference between web portal and website are as follows:

A Newsgroup is an online discussion forum where remotely connected users share and discuss a particular topic. The users/subscribers can exchange text messages, images, videos, and other digital media.

The newsreader program runs on the user's computer and is utilized to both read and post these messages by connecting to a news server on the Internet.

Markup languages are designed to create an appropriate markup scheme for an electronic document or web page. The language specifies the code for formatting, both the layout and style, within a text file.

HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language) is an example of markup language.

The different structural components of a web page are as follows:

1. Title bar — It displays the title of the current web page.
2. Menu or Navigational links — These are the hyperlinks used to move between linked pages of the website.
3. Header Area — It contains the company and logo, relevant text and search box.
4. Content Area — It contains the main content of the web page.
5. Footer Area — It contains copyright notices, website contact information, and privacy statements.

There are specific rules, which determine how the data should be transferred over the networks, compressed, presented on the screen, and so on. These sets of rules are called Protocols.

TCP/IP stands for Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol. It is the basic communication protocol of the Internet.

TCP/IP is a two-layer program. The higher layer, TCP, manages the breaking down and assembling of the data, whereas the lower layer, IP, is responsible for the accurate delivery of the data over the Internet.

Three different types of blogs are:

1. Personal blog — This is the most common and popular type of blog. It is a journal or diary that is on the Internet. Personal blog encompasses personal views on any chosen subject like health, politics, travel, etc.
2. News and Views blog — This type of blog is normally used by the journalists to post factual stories and views about the latest events.
3. Non-profit blog — This category incorporates the non-profit organisations which use blogging to create awareness and raise money for their cause.

Two popular web browsers are Google Chrome and Mozilla Firefox.

The WWW (World Wide Web) commonly known as the Web, is a way of accessing information over the Internet. It contains millions of documents called Web Pages. Each page contains text, graphics, video, audio and links to other webpages via hyperlinks. The web uses the HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol) protocol for the transfer of these documents over the Internet.

The web extensions given to the sites of the following types of organisations are :

a. Network organisations — .net

b. Government agencies — .gov

The Internet is called the "Network of networks" because it is a global infrastructure that connects numerous smaller networks, allowing them to communicate and share information with one another, creating a vast interconnected web of networks worldwide.

a. ISP — Internet Service Provider

b. URL — Uniform Resource Locator

Hypertext refers to a digital text that has a unique feature of linking to other documents or web pages. It is a system in which different types of documents/files, such as images, sound effects, and text are linked to each other. The Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is the standard protocol used by the World Wide Web which is responsible for accessing hypertext documents on the world wide web.

An email address and URL (Uniform Resource Locator) differ from each other in the following ways: