Solved Sample Paper 4

Open source software

Reason — Open source software is the software, whose source code is freely available and which can be copied, modified and redistributed as well.

A small box that connects your devices to the Internet using cables.

Reason — A modem is a small box that connects our devices to the Internet using cables. It converts data from a digital format into a format suitable for an analog transmission medium such as telephone or radio and vice versa.

Dial-up

Reason — A dial up uses telephone line to connect to the Internet.

TCP/IP

Reason — TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) is used for delivering data from the source to the destination. TCP manages the breaking down and assembling of the data, whereas IP is responsible for the accurate delivery of the data over the Internet.

SMTP

Reason — SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) is the standard protocol for sending emails across the Internet. SMTP is an application layer protocol which is used by mail servers to send, receive, and relay emails between senders and receivers.

<input type = "password">

Reason — The password boxes are created using an <INPUT> element whose TYPE attribute has a value of "password". An example is as follows:

<INPUT TYPE = "PASSWORD" NAME = "PWD" />

border style

Reason — border style property of CSS sets the style of an element border.

<IMG src = "image.gif ">

Reason — The <IMG> tag is used to insert an image in a web page. The src attribute helps in defining the source of an image. It is defined as follows:

<IMG src = "image.gif ">

addition of alternate text about an image

Reason — The alt attribute allows addition of alternate text about an image, that the browser can display if the image cannot be displayed.

<SUP>

Reason — The <SUP> tag is used to create superscripts on an HTML page. The given formula can be displayed by the following HTML code:

(a<sup>2</sup> + b<sup>2</sup>)

A is true and R is false.

Reason — A is true as SMTP is the standard protocol for E-mail services on a TCP/IP network. It is used by mail servers to send, receive, and relay emails between senders and receivers.

R is false as SMTP is an application layer protocol and not a network layer protocol.

Both A and R are true and R is a correct explanation of A.

Reason — A is true as we can place HTML links to any website we like to our web page. R is true as external linking in HTML allows us to place links of other websites on our page. R is the correct explanation of A as we use external linking to add links of other websites to our web page.

(i) Dial-up connection — A dial-up connection is a way to access the internet using a standard phone line and a modem. It works by dialing a specific phone number provided by an Internet service provider (ISP) and establishing a connection through a modem.

(ii) E-Governance — e-Governance refers to the application of electronic means in governance with an aim of fulfilling the requirements of common man at affordable costs and in fastest possible time.

Wi-Fi or Wireless Fidelity uses radio waves to create a secure, reliable and fast Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN). The devices require a wireless adapter to connect to the WLAN using WiFi. It is widely used to share an internet connection among the devices connected to the WLAN.

A web page is a digital document that is linked to the World Wide Web and viewable by anyone connected to the internet having a web browser. It can contain any type of information such as text, colour, graphics, animation, video and sound etc.

The dangers associated with social networking are :

1. People with wrong intentions can misuse the personal information posted by users.
2. Social networking can be used for bullying, defamation, harmful commenting and pranks and persecute hapless, innocent victims.

The guidelines to avoid plagiarism are:

1. One must specify the source, which informs the reader about the basis of one's ideas and the extent of one's research.
2. To avoid plagiarism, one should refer to several sources, understand the concept, and then pen down one's understanding of the topic.
3. One should use quotation marks around all the quoted words to avoid plagiarism.

The term Netiquette refers to a set of rules for acceptable online behaviour. It is a combination of two words Network and Etiquette. When one follows netiquettes while working online, one can safely use the internet and make internet safe for the other users as well.

To change the size and style (face) of text in an HTML file, we can use the <FONT> tag. The two attributes used with <FONT> tag are:

1. size — This attribute sets the size of the font of text.
2. face — This attribute sets the font type of the text.

The font tag is used as follows:

<FONT FACE = "ARIAL" SIZE = "3"> Hello World </FONT>

The advantages of external style sheet are:

1. It can be used across multiple HTML pages by linking the CSS file using <LINK> tag.
2. It results in smaller HTML files since styles are in a separate file.
3. It is easier to maintain and update styles across multiple pages.

The contents declared in header cells of a table are displayed in a distinctive style, such as bold faced. The content is emphasized as a heading as compared with the contents of other cells.

The header cell is specified by using the <TH> tag inside the <TABLE> tag.

For example,

<TABLE>
<TR>
<TH>S. No.</TH>
<TH>Name</TH>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>1</TD>
<TD>Ritu</TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>

The output is as follows:

Two controls supported by HTML form are:

1. Checkbox — The check box is used to select a number of options in a given list of options on the form. Its syntax is as follows:

<INPUT TYPE = "CHECKBOX" NAME = "S1" VALUE = "ENGLISH" /> English

2. Text box — A text box allows a user to enter alphanumeric data that is a combination of characters and numbers. Its syntax is as follows:

<INPUT TYPE = "TEXT" NAME = "NAME" />

The three laws that are formulated to stop software piracy are:

1. Copyright — Copyright prohibits the user of a software program from making copies of it without the permission of the person/company concerned which issues the license for the program.
2. Patent — A patent is the right given by the government to an inventor to protect his/her invention from being used/copied for a fixed period of time.
3. Trademark — This law protects the identity of a product, work, or company. It can be a registered word, text, or logo.

The various attributes of <INPUT> tag are:

1. Type — The 'type' attribute determines the type of form control that will be added to the form area.
2. Name — The name attribute specifies the name of the <INPUT> tag.
3. Value — The Value attribute specifies the initial value for the field.
4. Size — The size attribute specifies the width of the input field .
5. Maxlength — The Maxlength attribute specifies the maximum number of characters for the input field.

(i) A two-way videophone conversation among multiple participants by using computer networks to transmit audio and video data, is called Video Conferencing.

(ii) Two hardware devices which are required for video conferencing are:

1. Multimedia PCs
2. Video Cameras

(iii) Two features of instant messaging software are:

1. Text messages can be sent individually or using broadcast or in the groups.
2. Video calling and conferencing facilities are available.

(iv) Two types of instant messaging software are:

1. Application based
2. Web based

(i) Intellectual property rights are the rights given to persons over the creations of their minds. Rajiv reserves all the rights to the information to decide, how much information is to be exchanged, shared or distributed. He can exercise these rights in the form of patents, copyright or trademark.

(ii) The advantages of IPR are:

1. It encourages people to develop/innovate products.
2. It provides legal defense in case the intellectual property rights of a person are violated.

(iii) Two violations of IPR are:

1. Copyright infringement — Copying copyrighted material, such as a book, music, or movie.
2. Trademark infringement — Using a third party's trademark, logo, or design without permission.

(iv) Two controls of IPR are:

1. Copyright
2. Patent