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Solutions for Informatics Practices, Class 11, CBSE
Assertion (A): Cloud computing is internet-based computing.
Reasoning (R): Cloud computing enables users to provision, monitor and manage computing resources.
Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Explanation
Cloud computing is a technology of distributed data processing in which some scalable information resources and capacities are provided as a service to multiple external customers through the internet technology. It allows storing, accessing data and programs using the internet.
Assertion (A): Natural Language Processing (NLP) deals with interaction between human and computer systems using common and frequently spoken languages like Hindi, English, etc.
Reasoning (R): Spell-check feature is an implementation of NLP.
Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Explanation
Natural Language Processing (NLP) is a branch of artificial intelligence that deals with the interaction between computers and humans using natural language like hindi, english etc. Spell-check feature is an implementation of NLP.
Assertion (A): Immersive experiences allow the user to visualize, feel and react by stimulating their senses.
Reasoning (R): Immersive experiences have been used in the field of medicine and communications.
A is true but R is false.
Explanation
Immersive experiences allow the user to visualize, feel and react by stimulating their senses. It enhances their interaction and involvement, making the experience more realistic and engaging. Immersive experiences have been used in the field of training such as driving simulators, flight simulators and so on.
Assertion (A): Machine Learning comprises algorithms that use data to learn on their own and make predictions.
Reasoning (R): Machine Learning models are first trained using training data and tested using testing data and, after successive trainings, give results with accuracy.
Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation
Machine learning is an application of artificial intelligence. It consists of several algorithms that use data to learn on their own and make certain predictions. These algorithms, called models, are first trained and tested using training and testing data, respectively. After successive trainings, once these models are able to give results to an acceptable level of accuracy, they are used to make predictions about new and unknown data.
Assertion (A): It is difficult to store huge data using cloud computing.
Reasoning (R): Storage of data is cost-effective and time-saving in cloud computing.
A is false but R is true.
Explanation
One of the advantages of cloud computing is its ability to store large amounts of data efficiently and cost-effectively. Cloud storage allows for on-demand scalability, which means users only pay for the storage they use, making it a cost-effective solution.
Assertion (A): IoT-based school bus tracking and monitoring system can be used to ensure the safety of children.
Reasoning (R): loT-based bus tracking and monitoring school device uses GPS and Google Earth.
Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation
An IoT-based school bus tracking and monitoring system can be used to ensure the safety of children. These systems provide real-time location tracking and monitoring of school buses, which helps in ensuring that children are safe and accounted for during their journey. IoT-based bus tracking and monitoring devices use GPS and Google Earth. GPS provides accurate location data, and Google Earth can be used to visualize the bus's route and position.
Assertion (A): Big data is a term used to represent a collection of data set of huge volume and complexity.
Reasoning (R): Big data comprises structured data (such as data in database) or unstructured data (such as our social media posts, comments, audio/video chats, blogs, tweets, etc.).
Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation
The term Big Data refers to a huge volume of data that cannot be stored and processed by any traditional data storage or processing units. Big data comprises both structured and unstructured data. Structured data includes data that is organized and easily searchable in databases, while unstructured data includes various forms of data such as social media posts, audio/video chats, blogs, and tweets.
Web design
Reason — Web design is not an area of AI. In contrast, computer vision/image recognition, voice recognition, and robotics are all areas of AI that involve using artificial intelligence techniques to interpret and respond to visual, auditory, and physical inputs.
"Virtual Reality" is:
A software environment that recreates a real world or imaginary scenario like a game.
Reason — Virtual Reality is the use of computer technology to create a virtual simulator, away from real environment.
In self-driving cars that do not require a driver
Reason — Artificial intelligence is used in self-driving cars to process data from sensors, make real-time decisions, and navigate safely without human intervention.
Training soldiers in combat using battlefield simulations
Reason — Virtual reality is used for training soldiers in combat using battlefield simulations, to provide immersive and interactive environments.
Spellcheckers used in word processing software
Reason — Computer-assisted translation (CAT) tools, including spellcheckers, are used in everyday life to aid in the translation and correction of text.
Which of the following is a positive impact of artificial intelligence in self-driving cars?
Safer transport as there are fewer road accidents.
Reason — One of the most significant positive impacts of artificial intelligence in self-driving cars is safer transport as there are fewer road accidents. AI-powered self-driving cars can process and analyze vast amounts of data in real-time, enabling them to make quick and accurate decisions to avoid accidents. They can detect and respond to hazards more effectively than human drivers, reducing the risk of accidents caused by human error, such as distracted driving, fatigue, or reckless behavior.
A powerful computer, headset with a screen to see, headphones to hear and sometimes gloves
Reason — Virtual reality requires a powerful computer to run VR applications, a headset with a screen for immersive visuals, headphones for spatial audio, and sometimes gloves for interactive experiences.
A company interested in cloud computing is looking for a provider who offers a set of basic services such as virtual server provisioning and on-demand storage that can be combined into a platform for deploying and running customized applications. What type of cloud computing model would fit these requirements?
Infrastructure as a Service
Reason — Infrastructure as a Service is a compute infrastructure which is presented in the form of physical and virtualized resources that provide consumers with the basic building blocks needed to run applications and workloads in the cloud.
Security
Reason — Security is not a feature of IoT devices. While IoT devices can be remotely controllable, capable of turning themselves off, and include wearables.
Ms. Dhriti is really impressed by the predictive typing feature of search engine that helps us by suggesting the next word in the sentence while typing keywords. Suggest the feature of Artificial Intelligence by which she was impressed.
Natural Language Processing (NLP)
Reason — Predictive typing and suggesting the next word in a sentence are features of Natural Language Processing (NLP).
A company interested in cloud computing is looking for a provider who offers to outsource the hardware and software on demand basis and pay as per the usage, thereby saving the cost of software, hardware and other things as well as the cost of setting up, maintenance and security. What type of cloud computing model fits these requirements?
IaaS
Reason — Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) fits these requirements because it allows companies to outsource both hardware and software on an on-demand basis. With IaaS, companies can pay for resources based on usage, saving costs on hardware, software, setup, maintenance, and security.
Artificial Intelligence is being tested and used in the healthcare industry for dosing drugs, various other treatments and also for surgical procedures in the operating room. Apart from the above important applications, AI has been dominant in various other fields such as:
Internet of Things (IoT) is a system of inter-related computing devices, mechanical and digital machines, objects, people that are provided with unique identifiers (UIDs) and the ability to transfer data over a network without requiring human-to-human or human-to-computer interaction.
The applications of IoT are as follows:
Cloud computing is a technology of distributed data processing in which some scalable information resources and capacities are provided as a service to multiple external customers through the internet technology. It allows storing, accessing data and programs using the internet. There are broadly three types of clouds one can access:
Cloud computing further consists of services such as:
The term Big Data refers to a huge volume of data that cannot be stored and processed by any traditional data storage or processing units. Big data is generated on a very large scale and used by many multinational companies to process and analyze in order to uncover insights and improve the business of many organizations.
The characteristics of Big Data are as follows:
Artificial Intelligence (AI) refers to an artificial creation of human-like intelligence that can learn, reason, plan, perceive or process natural language. The applications of Artificial Intelligence are endless. The technology can be applied to different sectors and industries. AI is being tested and used in the healthcare industry for dosing drugs, various other treatments and also for surgical procedures in the operating room. Apart from this, AI has been dominant in various other fields such as:
Machine learning is an application of Artificial Intelligence. It focuses on providing systems which enable the computer to automatically learn and improve without being explicitly programmed. Learning from the previous tasks handled by the machine leads to better intelligence with better response to new inputs and situations in the future. This is called Machine Learning. Some of the applications are as follows:
Cloud Computing | Grid Computing |
---|---|
Cloud computing is used for virtualization of servers, where one server computes several tasks or services concurrently. | Grid computing allocates multiple servers onto a single application. |
It supports long-running services (Service Oriented). | It is typically used for job execution, where a program runs for a limited time (Application-Oriented). |
Cloud computing is used for multiple services. | Grid computing is used for a single application. |
Its computation service is on-demand. | Its computation service provides maximum computing power for one application. |
It involves virtualization of hardware, software, and storage platforms. | It involves virtualization of data and computing resources. |
Examples : GoogleDrive, OneDrive, Mobile Office Applications (e.g., Office 365, Google Docs), SharePoint, Microsoft Azure, iCloud, AWS etc. | Examples : GridGain, JPPF, JBossCache, EhCache etc. |
A company interested in cloud computing is looking for a provider who offers a set of basic services such as virtual server provisioning and on-demand storage that can be combined into a platform for deploying and running customized applications. What type of cloud computing model fits the following requirements?
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
Reason — Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) provides basic computing resources such as virtual servers, storage, and networking. It allows users to provision and manage these resources on-demand, giving them the flexibility to deploy and run their own applications and operating systems.
Home automation is a key feature of the Internet of Things (IoT). Internet-enabled thermostats, doorbells, smoke detectors and security alarms create a connected hub where data is shared between physical devices and users can remotely control the 'things' in that hub (i.e., adjusting temperature settings, unlocking doors etc.) via a mobile app or a website.
On-demand service allows users to access and utilize resources such as storage, computing power, and applications whenever they need them, paying only for what they use.
On-demand service in cloud computing is provided through virtualization, self-service portals, APIs, elasticity, auto-scaling, and resource pooling. These technologies enable users to quickly access, manage, and scale resources as needed, ensuring efficient and flexible resource utilization while paying only for what they use.
A Regional Engineering College plans to become a smart college by applying IoT concepts. How can each of the following be implemented in order to transform the college into an IoT-enabled smart college?
True
Reason — Natural Language Processing (NLP) is a subfield of Artificial Intelligence that helps computers understand human language. Deep learning, a subset of machine learning, provides advanced techniques for implementing AI, including NLP tasks such as language translation etc.
True
Reason — CCTV cameras installed at offices, houses, and business establishments are a result of IoT implementation because they can be connected to the internet and other devices to enable remote monitoring and control via mobile app or a website.