Introduction to Internet and Web

Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

Explanation
The World Wide Web (WWW) is a set of programs, standards, and protocols that allow multimedia and hypertext files to be created, displayed, and linked on the Internet. On the other hand, the Internet is a computer-based worldwide communications network composed of a large number of smaller interconnected networks. Hence, WWW and the Internet are not the same.

Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

Explanation
A URL (Uniform Resource Locator) is a unique address used to locate resources (such as documents, images, videos, etc.) on the web server. When a document is linked to the web, it is associated with a specific URL that allows users and web browsers to access and retrieve that document from its location on the server.

A is true but R is false.

Explanation
A website or site is a group of related web pages hosted on a web server. These pages are linked together through hyperlinks and hypertext and share a common interface and design.

Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

Explanation
Hyperlinks are essential for navigating the Internet as they allow users to easily move between different web pages and resources. A hyperlink refers to a dynamic link from a hypertext file to another such file, and upon clicking, the linked document opens up.

Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

Explanation
A static web page remains the same every time it is opened because it contains only static content, which is fixed and does not change and static web pages are written using HTML code. There is no dynamic code to change its appearance.

A is true but R is false.

Explanation
A dynamic web page is one that contains dynamic content, which is displayed differently each time it loads. The content on the server remains the same, but instead of being just HTML, it also includes dynamic code written in languages such as PHP, JavaScript, etc.

Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

Explanation
Scripts play an important role in dynamic web pages as they are responsible for displaying different data depending on information such as the time of day, the logged-in user, the date, and the search term used. These scripts are embedded codes within a web page that execute on the client's browser, making the web page look different.

Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

Explanation
The home page is the first web page that users encounter when they visit a website. Therefore, a website and its home page have the same URL, as the URL of a website directs users to its home page, which serves as the main entry point.

Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

Explanation
A static web page does not change for each person visiting the page because it contains only static content written in HTML code. On the other hand, when a web server receives a request for a dynamic web page, it locates and updates the page and sends it to the client's browser.

WWW stands for World Wide Web. The World Wide Web is an Internet system i.e., a set of programs, standards, and protocols that allows the multimedia and hypertext files to be created, displayed and linked on the Internet.

World Wide Web uses different technologies and protocols such as Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML), Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), web browser, internet etc. The basic functioning of WWW is as follows:

1. A client uses a web browser to make HTTP request to a web server to get some resource on World Wide Web.
2. This request reaches the web server via Internet.
3. The web server locates the required resource on the database and makes it available to the client via Internet.

For example, if the client enters the URL : http://www.edupillar.com/index.htm in the browser, a request is sent to the web server whose domain name is edupillar.com. The server then fetches the page named index.htm and send it to the browser of the client.

A server is a computer that has server software loaded on it. Its main job is to manage network resources and share resources for clients. There are many types of servers — file server, mail server, web server etc.

A web server is a World Wide Web server that stores web documents and responds to the requests made by web browsers. It is a specific protocol type of server, looking only for HTTP requests instead of many different types of resource requests.

A web server is completely dedicated to handling requests for webpages. It provides following major services :

1. Serving Web Pages — The primary function of a webserver is to deliver web pages on the request of clients using the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP). This means delivery of HTML documents and any additional content that may be included by a document, such as images, style sheets and scripts.
2. Running Gateway Programs (CGI) and Returning Output — In order to process the requests received, the webservers need to run special programs called CGI programs which help them fetch the required output as per the request made by the client.
3. Controlling Access to the Server — A full implementation of HTTP also includes ways of receiving content from clients. This feature is used for submitting web forms, including uploading of files.
4. Monitoring and Logging all Access — The web servers also ensure that only authenticated access takes place and thus they keep running many monitoring programs and keep logging all the activities.
5. Server Side Scripting — Many generic web servers also support server-side scripting using Active Server Pages (ASP), PHP, or other scripting languages.

Some web server software prominently in use are :

1. Apache Webserver
2. Apache Tomcat
3. Webserver IIS
4. The Lighttpd Server
5. Jigsaw web server
6. Sun Java system web server

The essential components of a website are as follows:

1. Webhost — A website is physically located on a Webhost. A group of linked webpages qualify to be called a website only when hosted on a web server. When the user specifies the address of the website, the webpages are transmitted to the user's computer from a webhost.
2. Address — This is the address (URL) of the website. One needs to put this address into the web browser to see a website, and the asked site is delivered by the webserver.
3. Homepage — The first page that appears when viewers go to a website is called the Homepage. Home page is very important as it sets the look and feel of the website and directs viewers to the rest of the pages in the website.
4. Design — It is the overall look and feel the website has as a result of proper use and integration elements like navigation menus, graphics, layout etc.
5. Content — All the webpages contained in the website together make up the content of the website.
6. The Navigation Structure — The navigation structure of a website is the order of the pages, the collection of what links to what. Usually it is held together by at least one navigation menu.

The components of a webpage can be categorized in two ways:

1. Content wise components — Content wise components of a web page are as follows:

1. Hypertext — It refers to a digital text, which is more than just text as it can include information in various media formats such as text, graphics, sound, images, videos and hyperlinks.
2. Hyperlink — It refers to a link from a hypertext file to another such file. A hyperlink can be in the form of a graphic or text, upon clicking where the linked document opens up.

2. Structure wise components— Structure wise components of a web page are as follows:

1. Page Title — This is a single line text which is displayed on the title bar of the browser displaying web page.
2. Header — This is generally a one or two line text defining the purpose of the web page. It is displayed at the top of the web page, below the address bar of the browser.
3. Body of the web page — This is the section below the header of the web page and it contains the actual content of the web page.
4. Navigational Links — These are the hyperlinks placed on the web page using which we can move to the linked web pages/documents.
5. Footer — This is the bottom section of the web page. This is the section where usually the copyright notice, website contact information, etc. is put.

The elements of a website are as follows:

1. Webhost — A website is physically located on a web host. A group of linked web pages qualifies to be called a website only when hosted on a web server. When the user specifies the address of the website, the web pages are transmitted to the user's computer from the web host.

2. Address — This is the address (URL) of the website. One needs to put this address into the web browser to see a website, and the asked site is delivered by the webserver.

3. Homepage — The first page that appears when viewers go to a website is called the Homepage. Home page is very important as it sets the look and feel of the website and directs viewers to the rest of the pages in the website.

4. Design — It is the overall look and feel the website has as a result of proper use and integration elements like navigation menus, graphics, layout etc.

5. Content — All the webpages contained in the website together make up the content of the website.

6. The Navigation Structure — The navigation structure of a website is the order of the pages, the collection of what links to what. Usually it is held together by at least one navigation menu.

A web server is a WWW server that stores web documents and responds to requests made by web browsers. Some examples are Apache, IIS, Nginx, GWS, and Netsite.

A website is physically located on a web host. A group of linked web pages qualifies to be called a website only when hosted on a web server. When the user specifies the address of the website, the web pages are transmitted to the user's computer from the web host.

A URL (Uniform Resource Locator) is a location on a net server. The Internet structure of the World Wide Web is built on a set of rules called Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), which uses Internet addresses in a special format called a URL.

URLs look like this : type://address/path, where type: specifies the type of server in which the file is located, address is the address of server, and path tells the location of file on the server.

For example, in the following URL http://encycle.msn.com/getinfo/styles.asp, http: specifies the type of server, encycle.msn.com is the address of server and getinfo/style.asp is the path of the file styles.asp.

home page

Reason — The first page on a website that allows us to navigate to other pages via menu system or links, is known as home page.

A website is a group of related web pages hosted on a web server and are linked together and share a common interface and design.

The web pages of a website are linked together through hyperlinks and hypertext, and share a common interface and design. All these web pages contain information related to the topic of the website.

The first page that appears when viewers go to a website is called the home page. Home page is very important as it sets the look and feel of the website and directs viewers to the rest of the pages in the website.

(i) A web browser is a program that lets us visit different websites on the internet and display their offerings on our own computer. For example, Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Safari, etc.

(ii) A web server is a World Wide Web (WWW) server that stores web documents and responds to the requests made by web browsers. For example, Apache Webserver, Apache Tomcat, Webserver IIS, etc.

A location on a net server is called a URL or Uniform Resource Locator.

A URL is written as type://address/path

Thus, the components of a URL are:

1. type — The type of server or protocol
2. address — The name/address of the server on the Internet
3. path — The location of the file on the server

For example, in the following URL:

http://encycle.msn.com/getinfo/styles.asp

1. http — specifies the type of server and protocol
2. encycle.msn.com — specifies the name/address of the server on the Internet
3. getinfo/styles.asp — specifies the location of the file on the server

The HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) is the set of rules for transferring hypertext (i.e., text, graphic, image, sound, video etc.) on WWW (World Wide Web).

HTTP is the protocol that enables the functioning of the World Wide Web by facilitating the exchange of information between clients (web browsers) and servers, allowing users to access and interact with web content.

An e-mail address has two parts separated by '@' symbol :

1. Username — On the left side of @ operator is the username.
2. Domain name for the host server — The portion to the right of @ identifies the server or host or network that services our e-mail.

E-mail addresses are commonly written in the form given below:

username@hostname

An email-address has two parts separated by '@' symbol.

1. Username — On the left side of @ separator is the user name. A user name can not have blanks.
2. Domain name for the host server — The portion to the right of @ identifies the server or host or network that services your e-mail. It is sometimes also called the e-mail server.

For example, pacas@gmail.com, hello@kboat.in, etc.

The general structure of an e-mail message is as follows:

1. From — This is the address of the sender of the e-mail.
2. To — This is the address or addresses to which the e-mail is sent.
3. CC — It stands for Carbon Copy. Here we specify the address/addresses of those to whom we want to send a copy of the e-mail. The CC recipient's name is visible to all recipients.
4. BCC — It is for Blind Carbon Copy. This is also a list of addresses that will receive a copy of the e-mail but BCC recipient's name is not visible to other recipients. The BCC recipients can see the TO and CC addresses.
5. Subject — A short title for the mail which speaks about contents of the message.
6. Body — It is the actual message.
7. Attachments — We can attach one or more pictures and documents or any other file with our e-mail.
8. Date — This is the date and time on which the message was sent from the sender's computer.
9. Message-id — Every message will have a unique id, which is used to track replies to it. The message id is not visible to us. It is used internally by the e-mail program and the e-mail system.

The difference between cc and bcc is as follows:

A plug-in (also called plugin, add-on, or extension) is a software component that adds a specific feature to an existing computer program such as a web browser.

To install a plugin on a web browser, we need to look for extensions store, which for example, on Google Chrome, it is Chrome web store and for Opera, it is Opera Extension Store.

For Google Chrome,

(i) Open extensions by typing chrome://extensions in the address bar and from the side bar, click at Open Chrome web store at the bottom.

(ii) It will open Chrome web store, wherefrom choose the desired plug in/add on and click on it to install.

For Opera browser,

(i) Click on Opera menu → Extensions → Get Extensions command.

(ii) It will open the Opera extension store, wherefrom we can look for desired plug in/add on and click on it to install it.

Cookies are small text files stored on user's computer and created and used by websites.

Cookies are used by websites to remember basic information of the user and to record the user's browsing activity which helps in enhancing the user experience and making browsing time more productive.

Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) is a technology that enables audio and video calls from any internet-connected device with a microphone and speakers.

VoIP takes analog audio/voice input and converts it into digital information, allowing it to be transmitted over the Internet alongside other data using IP. It is cost-effective and highly functional, as it can be used by any internet-enabled device.

The advantages of VoIP are as follows:

1. It does not cost extra as long as we have a device with an Internet connection and are using it for personal use. Of course there are paid versions available for professional requirements.

2. Many VoIP based software such as Skype, are easily downloadable.

The disadvantages of VoIP are as follows:

1. VoIP is possible if both the caller and the receiver have the right software and hardware to speak to one another.

2. There is no guarantee of call's audio and video quality when using the Internet.

3. It uses Internet Protocol's packets so if packets get dropped along the way then voice quality drops.

4. Even with its high quality, it cannot match up the voice quality of a normal telephone line.

5. It may not work for emergency service numbers like Police or Fire Services regular numbers.

The Internet is a world-wide network of computer networks. It connects many smaller networks together and allows all the computers to exchange information with each other.

The World Wide Web (WWW) is a set of programs, standards, and protocols that allow multimedia and hypertext files to be created, displayed, and linked on the Internet. On the other hand, the Internet is a computer-based worldwide communications network composed of a large number of smaller interconnected networks. While the WWW forms a large part of the Internet, it is not the Internet itself.

A web server stores web documents and responds to requests made by web browsers.

(i) WWW — World Wide Web

(ii) URL — Uniform Resource Locator

(iii) IMAP — Internet Message Access Protocol

(iv) POP3 — Post Office Protocol version 3

(v) SMTP — Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

(vi) HTTP — Hypertext Transfer Protocol

(vii) VoIP — Voice over Internet Protocol

The protocols used with email accessing are IMAP, POP3, SMTP and HTTP.

Voice over Internet Protocol or VoIP is a technology that enables voice communications over the Internet through the compression of voice into data packets that can be efficiently transmitted over data networks and then converted back into voice at the other end.

all the above

Reason — A website is a collection of web pages which are linked together. These webpages are HTML documents which may contain graphic, audio or video files.

Home page

Reason — The first page that we normally view at a web site is its home page.

Home page

Reason — When we visit a website, it will open the page set as home page of the website.

home page

Reason — The first page on a website that allows us to navigate to other pages via menu system or links, is known as home page.

Avast

Reason — Avast is not a web browser, it is an antivirus software. Chrome, Firefox, and Edge are examples of browsers.

Internet Protocol

Reason — "IP" stands for "Internet Protocol".

Uniform Resource Locator

Reason — URL stands for "Uniform Resource Locator".

IP address

Reason — IP address is not a part of URL. A URL contains port number in number based naming system and domain name in character based naming system.

firstfloor

Reason — A URL is written as type://address/path, where path specifies the location of the file on the server. Here, firstfloor/shoes.htm is the path and firstfloor is the folder of the desired resource.

http

Reason — A URL is written as type://address/path, where type specifies the protocol or type of the server. Thus, http identifies the protocol or type of the server.

www.pacein.com

Reason — A URL is written as type://address/path, where address identifies the website on the server. Thus, www.pacein.com identifies the website.

/pr/main.htm

Reason — A URL is written as type://address/path, where path tells the location of file on the server. Thus, pr/main.htm is the path of the file.

Absolute & Relative

Reason — The two types of URL are Absolute URL & Relative URL.

All of these

Reason — An email can be sent via PC, tablet or smart phone.

Domain name

Reason — In an email address, the characters following '@' character represent the domain name for the host server.

bcc

Reason — bcc stands for Blind Carbon Copy. bcc field of email-compose box allows to send same message to multiple recipients without letting them know about other recipients.

Online textual talk

Reason — Online textual talk is called chatting.

Chat

Reason — A chat room or online forum allows users to communicate through typed messages which are displayed almost instantly.

Chat

Reason — Online textual talk is called chatting.

Sending bulk data (say over 2GB)

Reason — Email can be used to send documents, attachments and messages. There are limitations on attachment size imposed by email providers.

False

Reason — The Internet is a computer-based worldwide communications network composed of a large number of smaller interconnected networks. On the other hand, the World Wide Web (WWW) is a set of programs, standards, and protocols that allow multimedia and hypertext files to be created, displayed, and linked on the Internet. Hence, both are different.

False

Reason — The Internet is not a component of the WWW. The Internet is a collection of computers or networking devices connected together, while the WWW is a collection of documents linked via special links called hyperlinks. The WWW forms a large part of the Internet.

True

Reason — The WWW forms a large part of the Internet but is not the Internet itself. The Internet is a collection of computers or networking devices connected together, while the WWW is a collection of documents linked via special links called hyperlinks.

True

Reason — The World Wide Web (WWW) is a set of programs, standards, and protocols that allow multimedia and hypertext files to be created, displayed, and linked on the Internet.

False

Reason — A website has only one home page, which is the initial page that users see when they visit the website.

False

Reason — In a dynamic webpage, the content on the server is not only HTML, it also includes dynamic code written in scripting languages such as PHP, JavaScript, etc.

True

Reason — The dynamic code of dynamic webpages is written in the form of scripts, i.e., code written in scripting languages such as PHP, JavaScript, etc.

False

Reason — Dynamic websites are slower than static websites because they require more resources.

False

Reason — Websites can store basic information or track a user's browser activity using cookies, which are small text files stored on a user's computer.

False

Reason — Cookies are small text files stored on a user's computer.

True

Reason — Cookies are small text files stored on a user's computer.

False

Reason — VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol) technology allows us to place audio calls over the internet.