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Solutions for Science, Class 8, CBSE
Fill in the blanks.
(a) A place where animals are protected in their natural habitat is called ............... .
(b) Species found only in a particular area is known as ............... .
(c) Migratory birds fly to far away places because of ............... changes.
(a) A place where animals are protected in their natural habitat is called Wildlife Sanctuary.
(b) Species found only in a particular area is known as endemic species.
(c) Migratory birds fly to far away places because of climatic changes.
Differentiate between 'Wildlife sanctuary' and 'Biosphere reserve'.
Differences between 'Wildlife sanctuary' and 'Biosphere reserve':
Wildlife Sanctuary | Biosphere Reserve |
---|---|
Wildlife Sanctuaries provide protection and suitable living conditions to wild animals. | Large areas of protected land for conservation of wild life, plant and animal resources and traditional life of the tribals living in the area. |
Preserves wild animals and birds. | Preserves complete biodiversity including plants, animals and microorganisms. |
Certain activities such as grazing livestock, collecting medicinal plants and firewood is allowed. | Human activities are not allowed. |
Examples — Sanjay Gandhi Wildlife Sanctuary, Chinnar Wildlife Sanctuary | Examples — Pachmarhi Biosphere Reserve, Sunderbans National Reserve |
Differentiate between 'Zoo' and 'Wildlife sanctuary'.
Differences between Zoo and Wildlife sanctuary:
Zoo | Wildlife sanctuary |
---|---|
Animals are kept in artificial habitat. | Animals are kept in their natural habitat. |
Animals are kept for public display. | Animals are protected in their own environment. |
Zoo contains the animals that are brought from the different parts of the world for exhibition. | A wildlife sanctuary contains the animals that are found locally in that area. |
Examples — Mysore Zoo | Examples — Sanjay Gandhi Wildlife Sanctuary |
Differentiate between 'Endangered' and 'Extinct species'.
Differences between Endangered and Extinct species:
Endangered species | Extinct species |
---|---|
Animals/plants whose numbers are diminishing to a level that they might face extinction are known as the endangered animals. | Animals/plants that no more exist on earth are called extinct species. |
Can be saved by efforts of conservation. | Cannot be revived. |
Examples — African wild dog, Royal Bengal tiger | Examples — Dodo, Dinosaurs |
Differentiate between 'Flora' and 'Fauna'.
Differences between Flora and Fauna:
Flora | Fauna |
---|---|
Flora means the plants naturally occurring in a particular area. | Fauna means the animals naturally living in a particular area. |
Flora is the naturally grown greenery of a region. | Fauna includes all types of organisms from tiny bacteria to giant animals. |
Flora can make their own food with the help of photosynthesis. | Fauna can't make their own food, they depend on plants for their food. |
Some examples of flora: mosses, herbs, shrubs and trees etc. | Some examples of fauna: birds, animals, fish, insects, etc. |
Discuss the effects of deforestation on wild animals.
The effects of deforestation on wild animals are:
Discuss the effects of deforestation on Environment.
Following are the effects of deforestation on Environment :
Discuss the effects of deforestation on Villages (Rural areas).
The effects of deforestation on Villages (Rural areas) are:
Discuss the effects of deforestation on Cities (Urban areas).
The effects of deforestation on Cities (Urban areas) are:
Discuss the effects of deforestation on Earth.
The effects of deforestation on Earth are:
Discuss the effects of deforestation on the next generation.
The effects of deforestation on the next generation will be:
What will happen if we go on cutting trees.
If we go on cutting trees, rainfall and the fertility of the soil will decrease. Moreover, there will be increased chances of natural calamities such as floods and droughts. Global warming will increase with increase in carbon dioxide. Deforestation will lead to desertification of the land. Deforestation also leads to a decrease in the water holding capacity of the soil. The movement of water from the soil surface into the ground (infiltration rate) is reduced. The other properties of the soil like nutrient content, texture etc., also change due to cutting of trees.
What will happen if the habitat of an animal is disturbed.
Disturbing the habitat of an animal disrupts its shelter, food sources, and breeding grounds. The animal may migrate to urban areas, increasing conflicts with humans and exposing them to threats. Over time, this disturbance can contribute to a decline in the animal population, potentially leading to extinction.
What will happen if the top layer of soil is exposed.
The top layer of soil if exposed will get eroded. The erosion will expose the lower, hard and rocky layers that have less humus and are less fertile. Gradually the fertile land will get converted into desert resulting in desertification.
Why should we conserve biodiversity?
Biological diversity or biodiversity, refers to the variety of organisms existing on the earth, their interrelationships and their relationship with the environment. If biodiversity is not conserved it may lead to an imbalance in the ecosystem. It may also lead to permanent loss of different species of plants and animals. Therefore, it is important to conserve biodiversity.
Protected forests are also not completely safe for wild animals. Why?
Protected forests are also not completely safe for wild animals because people living in the neighbourhood use resources from the forest for their own needs. This can lead to wild animals being killed and sold for money, putting them in danger even in areas meant to be safe for them.
Some tribals depend on the jungle. How?
Tribals depend on the jungle for their livelihoods by engaging in activities such as hunting, gathering, and collecting forest resources. They rely on the forest for food, medicine, shelter, and materials for crafting tools and goods. The jungle is integral to their cultural practices and sustains their traditional way of life.
What are the causes and consequences of deforestation?
Causes of deforestation :
Consequences of deforestation:
What is Red Data Book?
Red Data Book is the source book which keeps a record of all the endangered animals and plants. Red Data Book is maintained internationally by an organisation. India also maintains Red Data Book for plants and animals found in India.
What do you understand by the term migration?
Migration is the phenomenon of movement of a species from its own habitat to some other habitat for a particular time period every year for a specific purpose like breeding.
In order to meet the ever-increasing demand in factories and for shelter, trees are being continually cut. Is it justified to cut trees for such projects? Discuss and prepare a brief report.
Below is a brief report on this topic:
The Justifiability of Tree Cutting for Industrial and Development Projects
Introduction
The ever increasing demand for raw materials, fuel, and land for industrial and development projects has led to widespread tree cutting. While economic progress and infrastructure development are crucial for societal growth, the justification of cutting trees for such projects requires careful consideration of environmental, social, and economic factors.
Environmental Impact
Social Impact
Economic Impact
Sustainable Alternatives
Conclusion
While industrial and development projects are essential for progress, a balance must be struck to ensure sustainability. Implementing environmentally conscious practices, prioritizing reforestation efforts, and incorporating green infrastructure can mitigate the adverse effects of tree cutting. It is crucial for decision-makers to consider the long-term consequences and explore sustainable alternatives to achieve a harmonious coexistence between development and environmental conservation.
How can you contribute to the maintenance of green wealth of your locality? Make a list of actions to be taken by you.
We can contribute to the maintenance of green wealth of our locality by participating in following actions:
Explain how deforestation leads to reduced rainfall.
Trees and plants help maintain the water cycle on Earth. Their roots absorb water from the Earth. This absorbed water goes back into the atmosphere through transpiration from leaves. When trees are cut down, the significant reduction in transpiration decreases the amount of water vapour released into the atmosphere leading to reduced rainfall. Deforestation also reduces cloud formation that reduces rainfall.
Find out about national parks in your state. Identify and show their location on the outline map of India.
Locations of national parks are marked on the outline map of India below:
Why should paper be saved? Prepare a list of ways by which you can save paper.
Production of paper requires cutting of trees. It takes 17 full grown trees to make one tonne of paper. By saving paper we can save trees from being cut. Therefore, we should save paper.
Ways of saving paper are:
Complete the word puzzle.
Down
1. Species on the verge of extinction.
2. A book carrying information about endangered species.
5. Consequence of deforestation.
Across
1. Species which have vanished.
3. Species found only in a particular habitat.
4. Variety of plants, animals and microorganisms found in an area.
The solution of word puzzle is given below:
Down
1. ENDANGERED
2. RED DATA BOOK
5. DESERTS
Across
1. EXTINCT
3. ENDEMIC
4. BIODIVERSITY