Question 1

Question 1Asmita belongs to an affluent family, and she wants to do something to bridge the digital divide in her community. What can she do at an individual level to bring this change?

Accepted Answer

Asmita can take the following steps at an individual level to bridge the digital divide in her community:She can provide unused or older digital devices like smartphones or laptops to those who can't afford them.She can collaborate with local ISPs or organizations to sponsor affordable or free internet access for underserved areas.She can organize workshops to teach digital skills, such as basic computer literacy and internet usage, to community members.She can enhance local libraries with computers and internet connectivity for public use.She can fund scholarships or educational programs that focus on digital literacy and technology training.

Question 2

Question 2Companies spend a lot on secure data transmission that requires enough technical safeguards.(a) What do you understand by secure data transmission ?(b) Why do you think companies spend so much on secure data transmission ?(c) What are common technical safeguards that are applied to ensure secure data transmission ?

Accepted Answer

(a) Secure data transmission means applying enough technical safeguards so that data travels safely to its target, without being compromised or eavesdropped.(b) Companies spend heavily on secure data transmission due to the following reasons:Protection of sensitive information such as customer information, trade secrets, financial records, or intellectual property.Many industries have stringent regulatory requirements regarding data protection and privacy. They invest in secure data transmission to comply with these regulations and avoid penalties.Companies demonstrate their commitment to protecting customer data and maintaining trust.Implementing secure data transmission helps mitigate potential financial implications.(c) To ensure secure data transmission, following techniques are applied :SSL secure data transmission — SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) is a standard security protocol which ensures data security by establishing encrypted online links between a web server and a browser. It encrypts the transmitted data and keeps it secure.Data encryption — Encrypted data when sent over Internet is hard to steal and hence is safer.Use Safe protocols — Use safe FTP protocol for files wherever possible, as safe protocols use some safety shells such as SSH.

Question 3

Question 3These days it is equally important to safeguard digital properties:(a) What are digital properties?(b) Why is above given statement/fact important?(c) What are possible threats to digital properties?(d) How can digital properties be safeguarded?

Accepted Answer

(a) Digital property (or digital assets) refers to any information about us or created by us that exists in digital form, either online or on an electronic storage device.For example, any online personal accounts such as email, personal websites and blogs, domain names registered in our name, intellectual properties etc.(b) Digital property rights lie with the owner. Legally a person who has created it or the owner who has got it developed by paying legally is the legal owner of a digital property. Only the owner can use and decide who all and in what form can his/her digital asset may be used by others, whether by making payments or by buying it or by obtaining its license or usage rights etc. Thus, it is important to safeguard digital properties.(c) The common threats to digital properties are as follows:Digital software penetration tools — There are many software penetration tools such as cracks and keygens which enable unauthorized users to freely access a software without actually paying for it.Stealing and plagiarizing codes of digital properties — Other developers may steal a software's source code and use it to build their own versions of it, and then sell it under their own company name.(d) The following are the ways to ensure protection of digital properties:Anti-Tamper Solutions — They use a host of advanced technologies to prevent hacking, reverse-engineering or manipulating digital properties such as utility tools, software, apps, video games and so forth.Legal Clauses — There must be a transparent clause in the software's Terms of Service that prohibits the scraping of the software's source code for reuse.Limit the sharing of software code — One should share software code only with trusted individuals who are part of development team. Digital Rights Management (DRM) solution can protect a software from being scraped for source code using decompilers etc.

Question 4

Question 4Freedom of information refers to right to access information available on public platforms.(a) What are the problems that are a hinderance in freedom of information for all?(b) What are the ways to ensure freedom of information for all?

Accepted Answer

(a) There are several problems that hinder freedom of information for all:Technology reach — Technological reach is not the same all across India, especially in rural and remote areas.Digital Literacy — The rate of digital literacy is far less in rural areas as compared to urban areas. People in remote areas and rural areas are picking up with digital literacy, now.Language and literacy barriers — Limited availability of information in different languages or low literacy rates can hinder individuals from accessing and understanding relevant information.(b) To ensure freedom of information for all, the following approaches can be taken:Legal safeguards — Enact and uphold laws that protect freedom of information.Open data initiatives — Governments and institutions can proactively make information available to the public through open data initiatives, ensuring transparency and accessibility.Strengthening digital infrastructure — Bridge the digital divide by expanding internet access, providing affordable connectivity, and promoting digital literacy programs.Fact-checking and media literacy — Promote media literacy and critical thinking skills to help individuals identify and evaluate reliable sources of information.International cooperation — Encourage collaboration between countries and organizations to promote freedom of information.

Question 5

Question 14Charlene is an artist. She displays her artwork on the Internet using her website to attract buyers. One day while browsing the Internet she discovers that another artist has displayed her painting portraying it as his own. Which right of Charlene was infringed ?Digital Privacy rightIntellectual Property rightDigital Property rightIntellectual Privacy right

Accepted Answer

Intellectual Property rightReason — Intellectual property rights are the rights of the owner of information to decide how much information is to be exchanged, shared or distributed. Also it gives the owner a right to decide the price for doing so. Here, the artwork is the intellectual right of Charlene.

Question 6

Question 20Pratham is excited to use a new software which is freely available to download but he cannot modify or change the source code. Pratham is using :FreewareOpen-Source SoftwareBoth (1) and (2)None of the above

Accepted Answer

FreewareReason — A freeware software is available free of cost and allows copying and further distribution, but not modification and its source code is not available.

Source: This question is from Cyberethics, Computer Applications &mdash; Class 10, CBSE Board.
Key Concepts CoveredThis question tests your understanding of the following concepts from the chapter Cyberethics: Question, Pratham, Excited, Use, New, Software. These are fundamental topics in Computer Applications that students are expected to master as part of the CBSE Class 10 curriculum.A thorough understanding of these concepts will help you answer similar questions confidently in your CBSE examinations. These topics are frequently tested in both objective and subjective sections of Computer Applications papers. We recommend revising the relevant section of your textbook alongside practising these solved examples to build a strong foundation.
How to Approach This QuestionRead the question carefully and identify what is being asked. Break down complex questions into smaller parts. Use the terminology and concepts discussed in this chapter. Structure your answer logically — begin with a definition or key statement, then provide supporting details. Review your answer to ensure it addresses all parts of the question completely.
Key Points to RememberWrite programs with proper indentation and comments.
Trace through your code with sample inputs to verify correctness.
Explain the logic behind each step of your solution.
Familiarise yourself with common library functions and methods.
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Q11: Question 11 What is digital property ? What are the threats to digital properties ?
Q12: Question 12 How can you protect your digital properties ?
Q13: Question 13 Expand the terms: OSI FLOSS FSF GNU GPL W3C OSS
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Question 7

Question 21Which one of the following software comes under Open-Source Software category ?PhotoshopMS-PaintLinuxWindows

Accepted Answer

LinuxReason — The source code of Linux is available to customers and it can be modified and redistributed without any limitation.

Source: This question is from Cyberethics, Computer Applications &mdash; Class 10, CBSE Board.
Key Concepts CoveredThis question tests your understanding of the following concepts from the chapter Cyberethics: Question, Software, Comes, Open, Source, Category. These are fundamental topics in Computer Applications that students are expected to master as part of the CBSE Class 10 curriculum.A thorough understanding of these concepts will help you answer similar questions confidently in your CBSE examinations. These topics are frequently tested in both objective and subjective sections of Computer Applications papers. We recommend revising the relevant section of your textbook alongside practising these solved examples to build a strong foundation.
How to Approach This QuestionRead the question carefully and identify what is being asked. Break down complex questions into smaller parts. Use the terminology and concepts discussed in this chapter. Structure your answer logically — begin with a definition or key statement, then provide supporting details. Review your answer to ensure it addresses all parts of the question completely.
Key Points to RememberWrite programs with proper indentation and comments.
Trace through your code with sample inputs to verify correctness.
Explain the logic behind each step of your solution.
Familiarise yourself with common library functions and methods.
Related Questions from CyberethicsQ1: Question 1 Asmita belongs to an affluent family, and she wants to do something to bridge the...
Q10: Question 10 What is plagiarism ? How can you avoid plagiarism while referring to someone&#x27;s else&#x27;s...
Q11: Question 11 What is digital property ? What are the threats to digital properties ?
Q12: Question 12 How can you protect your digital properties ?
Q13: Question 13 Expand the terms: OSI FLOSS FSF GNU GPL W3C OSS
Practice more questions from Cyberethics &mdash; Computer Applications, Class 10 CBSE

Question 8

Question 5What is the difference between an Open Source and Free software?

Accepted Answer

Differences between Open Source software and Free software:S.No.Open Source SoftwareFree Software1.Open source software refers to software whose source code is made available to the public, allowing anyone to view, use, modify, and distribute the code.Free software refers to software that respects users' freedoms.2.Open source emphasizes the practical benefits of transparency, collaboration, and the ability to modify and distribute software freely.Free software emphasizes the philosophical and ethical aspects of software freedom focusing on users' rights to control and modify the software they use.3.Open source software can be released under various licenses, some of which are more permissive like BSD, MIT, Apache 2.Free software adheres to specific licenses like the GNU General Public License (GPL) that ensures users' freedoms.

Question 9

Question 6Explain the philosophy of Open Source. Enlist any four criteria that qualifies a program to be Open source software.

Accepted Answer

Open source is a philosophy that promotes the free access and distribution of an end product, usually software or a program. It may extend to the implementation and design of other products. Such software, generally, gives users the freedom to run the software for any purpose, to use and modify the software, and to redistribute copies of the original and modified versions to others. These permissions are enforced through an open source licence.Four criteria that qualify a program to be Open source software are:Free Redistribution — There shall be no restriction on the sale or distribution of the software, partial or whole, and such a sale shall be free of any royalty charges or any other fee.Source Code — The distributed program must include the source code as well as its compiled form. In cases where it is not included, the source code must be easily accessible from public sources on the Internet.Derived Works — The licence must allow modifications and derived works. It must allow them to be distributed under the same terms as the licence of the original software.No Discrimination against Persons or Groups — The licence must not discriminate against any person or group of persons.

Question 10

Question 7What measures can you take to curb online frauds ?

Accepted Answer

The measures that can be taken to curb online frauds are as follows:A monitoring official body that ensures the authenticity of e-commerce company and delivery of goods/services as promised.Strong security mechanism by the e-commerce site and payment gateways to prevent stealing of crucial information.Official guidelines and safeguards on the selling of users' data to third parties.

Question 11

Question 8What is safe data transmission ? How can you ensure secure data transmission ?

Accepted Answer

Secure data transmission means applying enough technical safeguards so that data travels safely to its target, without being compromised or eavesdropped.To ensure secure data transmission, following techniques are applied:SSL secure data transmission — SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) is a standard security protocol which ensures data security by establishing encrypted online links between a web server and a browser.Data encryption — Encrypted data when sent over Internet is hard to steal and hence is safer.Using Safe protocols — such as for files, secure FTP protocol.

Question 12

Question 9What is intellectual property ? What do you understand by intellectual property rights ?

Accepted Answer

Any piece of information is produced or created with a lot of efforts and it consumes a lot of time. Creative creations of mind such as patents, literary and creative arts, copyrights, trademarks etc. are known as intellectual property.Intellectual property rights are the rights of the owner of information to decide how much information is to be exchanged, shared or distributed. Also it gives the owner a right to decide the price for doing so.

Question 13

Question 10What is plagiarism ? How can you avoid plagiarism while referring to someone's else's creation ?

Accepted Answer

Plagiarism is stealing someone else's intellectual work, such as an idea, literary work or academic work etc., and representing it as our own work without giving credit to creator or without citing the source of information.To avoid plagiarism while referring to someone else's creation, we must give credit whenever we use:Another person's idea, opinion, or theory;Quotations of another person's actual spoken or written words; orParaphrase of another person's spoken or written words

Question 14

Question 11What is digital property ? What are the threats to digital properties ?

Accepted Answer

Digital property (or digital assets) refers to any information about us or created by us that exists in digital form, either online or on an electronic storage device.For example, any online personal accounts such as email, personal websites and blogs, domain names registered in our name, intellectual properties etc.The common threats to digital properties are as follows:Digital software penetration tools — There are many software penetration tools such as cracks and keygens which enable unauthorized users to freely access a software without actually paying for it.Stealing and plagiarizing codes of digital properties — Other developers may steal a software's source code and use it to build their own versions of it, and then sell it under their own company name.

Question 15

Question 12How can you protect your digital properties ?

Accepted Answer

The following ways to ensure protection of your digital properties:Anti-Tamper Solutions — They use a host of advanced technologies to prevent hacking, reverse-engineering or manipulating digital properties such as utility tools, software, apps, video games and so forth.Legal Clauses — There must be a transparent clause in the software's Terms of Service that prohibits the scraping of the software's source code for reuse.Limit the sharing of software code — One should share software code only with trusted individuals who are part of development team. Digital Rights Management (DRM) solution can protect a software from being scraped for source code using decompilers etc.

Question 16

Question 13Expand the terms:OSIFLOSSFSFGNUGPLW3COSS

Accepted Answer

OSI — Open Source Initiative.FLOSS — Free Libre/Livre and Open Source Software.FSF — Free Software Foundation.GNU — GNU is Not Unix.GPL — General Public Licence.W3C — World Wide Web Consortium.OSS — Open Source Software.

Question 17

Question 15(i)Compare and Contrast: Free software and Open source software

Accepted Answer

Free software is the software which is free of cost, which can be copied, modified and redistributed as well and whose source code is available. No charges are payable for free software.Open source software, on the other hand, is the software, whose source code is available and which can be copied, modified and redistributed as well. There may or may not be charges payable for open source software.

Question 18

Question 15(ii)Compare and Contrast: OSS and FLOSS

Accepted Answer

OSS refers to Open Source Software whose source code is made available to the public, allowing anyone to view, modify, and distribute the code. However, OSS does not necessarily mean that the software is completely free of charge. It only means that the source code is available for others to access and modify.FLOSS refers to Free Libre/Livre and Open Source Software. The term FLOSS is used to refer to a software which is both free software as well as open source software. In addition to being Open Source, FLOSS also emphasises that no charges are applicable to the user for using and distributing the software.

Question 19

Question 15(iii)Compare and Contrast: Proprietary software and Free software

Accepted Answer

Proprietary software is the software that is neither open nor freely available. Its use is regulated and further distribution and modification is either forbidden or requires special permission by the supplier or vendor. Source code of proprietary software is normally not available. These softwares need to be purchased before they can be used.Free software means that the software is freely accessible and can be freely used, changed, improved, copied and distributed by all who wish to do so. No payments are needed to be made for free software.

Question 20

Question 15(iv)Compare and Contrast: Freeware and Shareware

Accepted Answer

The term freeware is generally used for software, which is available free of cost and which allows copying and further distribution, but not modification and whose source code is not available. The right to use the software is limited to certain types of users for instance, for private and non-commercial purposes.Shareware is a software which is made available with the right to redistribute copies, but it is stipulated that if one intends to use the software, often after a certain period of time then a license fee should be paid. The source code of shareware is not available and modifications to the software are not allowed.

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