Question 1

Question 1Kuhu has just learnt how to do online banking. Name any two precautions that she should take to prevent online fraud.

Accepted Answer

Two precautions that Kuhu should take to prevent online fraud are:She should not share her user id and password with anyone.She should avoid doing transactions from cyber cafe and other public places.

Question 2

Question 2Companies spend a lot on secure data transmission that requires enough technical safeguards.(a) What do you understand by secure data transmission ?(b) Why do you think companies spend so much on secure data transmission ?(c) What are common technical safeguards that are applied to ensure secure data transmission ?

Accepted Answer

(a) Secure data transmission means applying enough technical safeguards so that data travels safely to its target, without being compromised or eavesdropped.(b) Companies spend heavily on secure data transmission due to the following reasons:Protection of sensitive information such as customer information, trade secrets, financial records, or intellectual property.Many industries have stringent regulatory requirements regarding data protection and privacy. They invest in secure data transmission to comply with these regulations and avoid penalties.Companies demonstrate their commitment to protecting customer data and maintaining trust.Implementing secure data transmission helps mitigate potential financial implications.(c) To ensure secure data transmission, following techniques are applied :SSL secure data transmission — SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) is a standard security protocol which ensures data security by establishing encrypted online links between a web server and a browser. It encrypts the transmitted data and keeps it secure.Data encryption — Encrypted data when sent over Internet is hard to steal and hence is safer.Use Safe protocols — Use safe FTP protocol for files wherever possible, as safe protocols use some safety shells such as SSH.

Question 3

Question 3These days it is equally important to safeguard digital properties:(a) What are digital properties?(b) Why is above given statement/fact important?(c) What are possible threats to digital properties?(d) How can digital properties be safeguarded?

Accepted Answer

(a) Digital property (or digital assets) refers to any information about us or created by us that exists in digital form, either online or on an electronic storage device.For example, any online personal accounts such as email, personal websites and blogs, domain names registered in our name, intellectual properties etc.(b) Digital property rights lie with the owner. Legally a person who has created it or the owner who has got it developed by paying legally is the legal owner of a digital property. Only the owner can use and decide who all and in what form can his/her digital asset may be used by others, whether by making payments or by buying it or by obtaining its license or usage rights etc. Thus, it is important to safeguard digital properties.(c) The common threats to digital properties are as follows:Digital software penetration tools — There are many software penetration tools such as cracks and keygens which enable unauthorized users to freely access a software without actually paying for it.Stealing and plagiarizing codes of digital properties — Other developers may steal a software's source code and use it to build their own versions of it, and then sell it under their own company name.(d) The following are the ways to ensure protection of digital properties:Anti-Tamper Solutions — They use a host of advanced technologies to prevent hacking, reverse-engineering or manipulating digital properties such as utility tools, software, apps, video games and so forth.Legal Clauses — There must be a transparent clause in the software's Terms of Service that prohibits the scraping of the software's source code for reuse.Limit the sharing of software code — One should share software code only with trusted individuals who are part of development team. Digital Rights Management (DRM) solution can protect a software from being scraped for source code using decompilers etc.

Question 4

Question 4Freedom of information refers to right to access information available on public platforms.(a) What are the problems that are a hinderance in freedom of information for all?(b) What are the ways to ensure freedom of information for all?

Accepted Answer

(a) There are several problems that hinder freedom of information for all:Technology reach — Technological reach is not the same all across India, especially in rural and remote areas.Digital Literacy — The rate of digital literacy is far less in rural areas as compared to urban areas. People in remote areas and rural areas are picking up with digital literacy, now.Language and literacy barriers — Limited availability of information in different languages or low literacy rates can hinder individuals from accessing and understanding relevant information.(b) To ensure freedom of information for all, the following approaches can be taken:Legal safeguards — Enact and uphold laws that protect freedom of information.Open data initiatives — Governments and institutions can proactively make information available to the public through open data initiatives, ensuring transparency and accessibility.Strengthening digital infrastructure — Bridge the digital divide by expanding internet access, providing affordable connectivity, and promoting digital literacy programs.Fact-checking and media literacy — Promote media literacy and critical thinking skills to help individuals identify and evaluate reliable sources of information.International cooperation — Encourage collaboration between countries and organizations to promote freedom of information.

Question 5

Question 1Policies of companies related to protection of personal information of users online are meant to safeguard ............... of users.SafetySecurityPrivacyWell being

Accepted Answer

PrivacyReason — By implementing privacy policies, companies protect personal information of users, such as their name, contact details, financial data, or browsing history from unauthorized access, use, or disclosure, thus, maintaining their privacy rights and preventing misuse or exploitation of their data.

Question 6

Question 2Credit card fraud may include :Stealing of credit cardUnauthorized and illegal use of credit cardBoth of the aboveNeither

Accepted Answer

Both of the aboveReason — Credit card fraud may include both stealing of credit card and unauthorized and illegal use of credit card.

Question 7

Question 3Using someone else's twitter handle to post something, will be termed as :FraudIdentity theftOnline stealingViolation

Accepted Answer

Identity theftReason — Using someone else's twitter handle to post something, will be termed as identity theft.

Question 8

Question 4Standard security protocol that establishes encrypted links between a web server and a browser is called ............... .Online safety technologySDT technologyWeb encryption technologySecure sockets layer technology

Accepted Answer

Secure sockets layer technologyReason — Standard security protocol that establishes encrypted links between a web server and a browser is called Secure sockets layer technology.

Question 9

Question 5Things like these, e.g., online email account, social media account or handle, online shopping account, online photo sharing account, trademarks, patents, own registered domain name etc. are collectively called ............... .Online identityOnline estateDigital identityDigital property

Accepted Answer

Digital propertyReason — Things like these, e.g., online email account, social media account or handle, online shopping account, online photo sharing account, trademarks, patents, own registered domain name etc. are collectively called digital property.

Question 10

Question 6A ............... is an economic and social inequality with regard to access to, use of, or impact of ICT.Digital inequalityDifference of servicesDigital divideDifferential divide

Accepted Answer

Digital divideReason — A digital divide is an economic and social inequality with regard to access to, use of, or impact of ICT.

Question 11

Question 7Preeti needs to send a very confidential message to her colleague in office over a secure channel. She uses a technique wherein an actual message (which is in readable form) can be converted into an unreadable message. This concept is known as ................ .EncryptionDecryptionPlagiarismData Security

Accepted Answer

EncryptionReason — The concept of converting a readable message into an unreadable form is known as encryption.

Question 12

Question 8Which of the following techniques can be used for security of data ?AuthenticationAuthorisationEncryptionAll of the Above

Accepted Answer

All of the AboveReason — Authentication, authorisation and encryption	techniques can be used for security of data.

Question 13

Question 9Which of the following is not a cybercrime ?PlagiarismPhishingUsing licensed softwareHacking

Accepted Answer

Using licensed softwareReason — Using licensed software is not a cyber crime. Plagiarism, phishing and hacking are cyber crimes.

Question 14

Question 10Secure data transmission means :Data is accessible by any unauthorized person during transmission.Data cannot be accessed by any unauthorized person during transmission.Transmission of data happens easilyNo one can access it

Accepted Answer

Data cannot be accessed by any unauthorized person during transmission.Reason — Secure data transmission means the data can not be accessed by any unauthorized person during transmission.

Question 15

Question 11Which of the following is NOT an example of Intellectual Property rights ?PatentTrademarkPasswordIndustrial Design

Accepted Answer

PasswordReason — Password is not an example of Intellectual Property rights because it does not represent a legal protection for creations or inventions. Patent, Trademark and Industrial Design can be used to protect one's intellectual property rights.

Question 16

Question 12A ............... is the right given by the government to an inventor to protect his/her invention from being used/copied for a fixed period of time.CopyrightIntellectual PropertyPatentTrademark

Accepted Answer

PatentReason — A patent is the right given by the government to an inventor to protect his/her invention from being used/copied for a fixed period of time.

Question 17

Question 13Arun clicks on a link received in a message on his phone which promises him a complimentary trip to a destination of his choice. He forwarded this message to his friend, Panshul and asked him to do the same. But Panshul refuses and tells Arun that his personal and private information, such as online account names, login information and passwords can be stolen and he should be careful of such ............... attacks.PhishingSpammingScammingPlagiarism

Accepted Answer

PhishingReason — Phishing is a deceptive technique used by cybercriminals to trick individuals into revealing sensitive information, such as usernames, passwords, or financial details.

Question 18

Question 14Charlene is an artist. She displays her artwork on the Internet using her website to attract buyers. One day while browsing the Internet she discovers that another artist has displayed her painting portraying it as his own. Which right of Charlene was infringed ?Digital Privacy rightIntellectual Property rightDigital Property rightIntellectual Privacy right

Accepted Answer

Intellectual Property rightReason — Intellectual property rights are the rights of the owner of information to decide how much information is to be exchanged, shared or distributed. Also it gives the owner a right to decide the price for doing so. Here, the artwork is the intellectual right of Charlene.

Question 19

Question 15Which of these is NOT an example of Cyber bullying ?Copying a classmate's personal photo against his/her permission from his social media account and sending it to other friends on their emailsBullying a classmate in the school corridorThreatening someone on whatsappPosting mean messages about someone on their social media

Accepted Answer

Bullying a classmate in the school corridorReason — Cyber bullying refers to an act of bullying on internet. Bullying a classmate in the school corridor doesn't involve internet. Hence, it cannot be considered as cyber bullying.The other three acts involve the use of internet for bullying. Hence, they come under cyber bullying.

Question 20

Question 16Which of the following is NOT a reason for the digital divide in different demographic regions ?Cost of TechnologyLack of informationLack of access to high performance computersLack of access to the disabled

Accepted Answer

Lack of access to high performance computersReason — Cost of Technology, lack of information and lack of access to the disabled are reasons of digital divide. Lack of access to high performance computers is not a reason for digital divide as information can be accessed even through a normally functioning computer or mobile phone.

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