Question 1

Question 2(d)In terms of GDP the share of tertiary sector in 2013-14 is between ............... per cent.20 to 3030 to 4050 to 6060 to 70

Accepted Answer

60 to 70

Source: This question is from Sectors of the Indian Economy, Economics &mdash; Class 10, CBSE Board.
Key Concepts CoveredThis question tests your understanding of the following concepts from the chapter Sectors of the Indian Economy: Question, Terms, Gdp, Share, Tertiary, Sector. These are fundamental topics in Economics that students are expected to master as part of the CBSE Class 10 curriculum.A thorough understanding of these concepts will help you answer similar questions confidently in your CBSE examinations. These topics are frequently tested in both objective and subjective sections of Economics papers. We recommend revising the relevant section of your textbook alongside practising these solved examples to build a strong foundation.
How to Approach This QuestionRead the question carefully and identify what is being asked. Break down complex questions into smaller parts. Use the terminology and concepts discussed in this chapter. Structure your answer logically — begin with a definition or key statement, then provide supporting details. Review your answer to ensure it addresses all parts of the question completely.
Key Points to RememberRead the question carefully and identify all parts before answering.
Use the terminology specific to this subject and chapter.
Review the textbook content for this chapter before attempting questions.
Practice writing concise, well-structured answers within time limits.
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Q10: Question 7 For each of the sectors that we came across in this chapter why should one focus on...
Q11: Question 8 Make a long list of all kinds of work that you find adults around you doing for a...
Q12: Question 9 How is the tertiary sector different from other sectors? Illustrate with a few examples.
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Practice more questions from Sectors of the Indian Economy &mdash; Economics, Class 10 CBSE

Question 2

Question 3Match the following:Problems faced by farming sectorSome possible measures1. Unirrigated land(a) Setting up agro-based mills2. Low prices for crops(b) Cooperative marketing societies3. Debt burden(c) Procurement of food grains by government4. No job in the off season(d) Construction of canals by the government5. Compelled to sell their grains to the local traders soon after harvest(e) Banks to provide credit with low interest

Accepted Answer

Problems faced by farming sectorSome possible measures1. Unirrigated land(d) Construction of canals by the government2. Low prices for crops(c) Procurement of food grains by government3. Debt burden(e) Banks to provide credit with low interest4. No job in the off season(a) Setting up agro-based mills5. Compelled to sell their grains to the local traders soon after harvest(b) Cooperative marketing societies

Question 3

Question 4Find the odd one out and say why.Tourist guide, dhobi, tailor, potterTeacher, doctor, vegetable vendor, lawyerPostman, cobbler, soldier, police constableMTNL, Indian Railways, Air India, Jet Airways, All India Radio

Accepted Answer

The potter is the odd one out. A potter is a secondary sector worker whereas the others are tertiary sector workers or service providers.The vegetable vendor is the odd one, because he is not skilled while the others are skilled workers.The cobbler is the odd one, because he works in the unorganized sector.Air India (recently acquired by TATA) and Jet Airways (now bankrupt) are the odd ones as they are private sector enterprises.

Question 4

Question 5A research scholar looked at the working people in the city of Surat and found the following.Place of workNature of employmentPercentage of working peopleIn offices and factories registered with the governmentOrganised15Own shops, office, clinics in marketplaces with formal license15People working on the street, construction workers, domestic workers20Working in small workshops usually not registered with the governmentComplete the table. What is the percentage of workers in the unorganised sector in this city?

Accepted Answer

Place of workNature of employmentPercentage of working peopleIn offices and factories registered with the governmentOrganised15Own shops, office, clinics in marketplaces with formal licenseOrganised15People working on the street, construction workers, domestic workersUnorganised20Working in small workshops usually not registered with the governmentUnorganised50The percentage of workers in the unorganised sector in this city is 70%.

Question 5

Question 6Do you think the classification of economic activities into primary, secondary and tertiary is useful? Explain how.

Accepted Answer

The classification of economic activities into primary, secondary, and tertiary sectors provides a useful framework for understanding the structure of an economy. It makes easier for us to prepare data about production, growth etc., which in turn can be used to asses economy of the country. This classification helps policymakers, researchers, and businesses analyze economic trends, allocate resources, and design targeted policies.

Question 6

Question 7For each of the sectors that we came across in this chapter why should one focus on employment and GDP? Could there be other issues which should be examined? Discuss.

Accepted Answer

Focusing on employment and GDP is crucial when analyzing different sectors of an economy due to their direct impact on economic growth, productivity, and overall well-being of the population. They are internationally acclaimed parameters to asses development of a country. However, there are other important issues that should be examined alongside the given parameters to gain a comprehensive understanding of a sector's impact and performance. For example: Distribution of income, Quality of job (i.e. according to qualifications of an individual); and development related to ecological issues, sustainability and pollution etc. Assessment of quality of life is also required.

Question 7

Question 8Make a long list of all kinds of work that you find adults around you doing for a living. In what way can you classify them? Explain your choice.

Accepted Answer

I can find a lot of service providers like delivery boys, cab drivers, vegetable vendors, car-service centres, hospitals, schools, banks etc. All these come under tertiary sector. They may or may not assist in production of goods but provide us with different services.I can also find people working in factories, food processing industries and garment manufacturing units. All these come under secondary sector. The secondary sector covers activities in which natural products are changed into other forms through ways of manufacturing that we associate with industrial activity.There are some adults who work in dairy farms and agricultural fields. They work in primary sector as they produce goods by exploiting natural resources.

Question 8

Question 9How is the tertiary sector different from other sectors? Illustrate with a few examples.

Accepted Answer

The activities that help in the development of the primary and secondary sectors comprise the tertiary sector. These activities, by themselves, do not produce any goods but they are an aid or a support for the production process. For example, goods that are produced in the primary or secondary sector would need to be transported by trucks or trains and then sold in wholesale and retail shops. Here transportation forms the tertiary sector. Tertiary sector or service sector also includes some essential services that may not directly help in the production of goods. For example, we require teachers, doctors, and those who provide personal services such as washermen, barbers, cobblers, lawyers etc. They are different from primary sector that produces goods using the natural resources and manufacturing sector or secondary sector that involves production of goods using the raw material produced by primary sector.

Question 9

Question 10What do you understand by disguised unemployment? Explain with an example each from the urban and rural areas.

Accepted Answer

Disguised unemployment refers to a situation where more people are engaged in a task or occupation than are actually required for its efficient functioning. It often occurs in both rural and urban areas. Disguised unemployment leads to inefficiency, under-utilization of labour, and reduced overall productivity.Example from rural area : Imagine a small family farm where five people work together to cultivate crops. However, the land is not large enough to require all five workers for efficient production. If two of these workers leave the farm for some other job, productivity remains the same and family income increases.Example from urban area : A small retail shop in a crowded market with six salespersons to attend to customers while the need is of only three persons is an example of disguised unemployment.

Question 10

Question 11Distinguish between open unemployment and disguised unemployment.

Accepted Answer

Open unemploymentDisguised unemploymentOpen unemployment refers to a situation where individuals who are willing and able to work are actively seeking employment but cannot find suitable jobs.Disguised unemployment occurs when more people are engaged in a task or occupation than are genuinely required for efficient productivity.It is visible and acknowledged by society.Not visible to society.It is often associated with urban areas and industrial economies.Often related to subsistence farming or small-scale enterprises.

Question 11

Question 12“Tertiary sector is not playing any significant role in the development of Indian economy.” Do you agree? Give reasons in support of your answer.

Accepted Answer

No, I don't agree that tertiary sector is not playing any significant role in the development of Indian economy. Also known as the service sector, it is very crucial for India’s economic growth due to following reasons:The tertiary sector contributes substantially to India’s GDP.This sector alone provides approximately 31% of overall employment in India.The tertiary sector offers a wide range of services, including IT services, consulting, healthcare, education, finance and tourism. These services play a vital role in our daily life.

Question 12

Question 13Service sector in India employs two different kinds of people. Who are these?

Accepted Answer

Service sector in India employ two different kinds of people — Skilled and Unskilled. Few services employ highly skilled and educated workers like teachers, doctors and lawyers while in other services there are a very large number of workers who are unskilled. For example, those engaged in services such as running small shops, repair persons, transport persons, etc.

Question 13

Question 14Workers are exploited in the unorganised sector. Do you agree with this view? Give reasons in support of your answer.

Accepted Answer

Yes, I agree that workers are exploited in the unorganised sector. The unorganized labour sector in India faces several challenges, leading to exploitation of workers. Following are the reasons :Many unorganised labourers work on a daily wage basis, with no guarantee of consistent employment.Earnings in the informal sector are typically lower than those in the formal sector. This income disparity often leaves unorganized labourers struggling to make ends meet, contributing to persistent poverty and income inequality.Workers in the unorganized sector typically lack legal protections such as minimum wages, social security benefits, and regulated working hours. This absence leaves them vulnerable to exploitation by employers who may pay below minimum wage or ignore safety standards.

Question 14

Question 15How are the activities in the economy classified on the basis of employment conditions?

Accepted Answer

On the basis of employment conditions, activities in the economy are classified as :Organized —The organized sector provides job security and formal employment arrangements.Workers in this sector often receive benefits such as health insurance, retirement plans, and paid leave.Example: Corporate offices, government departments, large companies, and registered businesses.Unorganized —The unorganized sector is characterized by lower wages compared to the organized sector.Workers here often lack stable employment contracts and face uncertainty.Example: Street vendors, daily wage labourers, small-scale enterprises, and informal workers.

Question 15

Question 16Compare the employment conditions prevailing in the organised and unorganised sectors.

Accepted Answer

Organised sectorsUnorganised sectorsEmployees in the organized sector benefit from job security. They work in formal employment arrangements.Workers in the unorganized sector often lack stable employment contracts, leading to job insecurity.Wages tend to be higher in this sector compared to the unorganized sector.Earnings are typically lower here.Fixed working hours are common.Timing is not fixed.Employees can avail paid leave.Employees cannot avail paid leave.Organized sector workers receive medical allowances, insurance, and other benefits.Such benefits are not available.

Question 16

Question 17Explain the objective of implementing the MG NREGA 2005.

Accepted Answer

The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA), enacted in 2005, has following objectives:All those who are able to, and are in need of work in rural areas are guaranteed 100 days of employment in a year by the government.If the government fails in its duty to provide employment, it gives unemployment allowances to the people.

Question 17

Question 18Using examples from your area compare and contrast that activities and functions of private and public sectors.

Accepted Answer

Public Sector: Public sector organizations are owned, controlled, and managed by the government or other state-run bodies. Examples include government agencies, state-owned enterprises, and local government authorities.The primary motive of public sector organizations is to engage in activities that serve the general public.Funding for public sector undertakings comes from government.Public sector units provide benefits like job security, housing facilities, allowances, and retirement benefits etc.Private Sector: Private sector enterprises are owned, controlled, and managed by individuals, groups, or business entities. They aim to earn profits from their business operations.Private sector units raise capital through owners, loans, shares, and debentures.Private sector units offer benefits like higher salaries, promotion opportunities, competitive environments, and incentives.Examples: ICICI Bank, HDFC Bank, and Kotak Mahindra Bank are private sector banks.

Question 18

Question 19Discuss and fill the following table giving one example each from your area. Well managed organisationBadly managed organisationPublic SectorPrivate Sector

Accepted Answer

Well managed organisationBadly managed organisationPublic SectorState Bank of IndiaAir IndiaPrivate SectorTata MotorsGoAir

Question 19

Question 20Give a few examples of public sector activities and explain why the government has taken them up.

Accepted Answer

A few examples of public sector activities and the reasons for government taking it up are given below:Indian Railways — Indian Railways is one of the largest rail networks in the world and is operated by the Ministry of Railways. The government has taken up this activity to provide affordable and accessible transportation for people and goods across the country. It helps in connecting remote areas, promoting trade and commerce, and supporting the movement of the population.Public Sector Banks — Banks like the State Bank of India (SBI) and Punjab National Bank (PNB) are owned and operated by the government. The government operates these banks to ensure financial inclusion, provide credit to priority sectors such as agriculture and small businesses, and maintain financial stability in the economy.Food Corporation of India (FCI) — The FCI is responsible for procuring, storing, and distributing food grains to ensure food security. The government manages this to stabilize food prices, ensure a stable supply of essential food items, and support farmers by guaranteeing a minimum support price (MSP) for their produce.National Health Mission (NHM) — The NHM encompasses various programs to improve healthcare services across India, particularly in rural and underserved areas. The government has undertaken this initiative to ensure that all citizens have access to basic healthcare services, reduce health disparities, and improve overall public health outcomes.

Question 20

Question 21Explain how public sector contributes to the economic development of a nation.

Accepted Answer

Public sector contributes to the economic development of a nation in following ways:The purpose of the public sector is not just to earn profits. Governments raise money through taxes and other ways to meet expenses on the services rendered by it. For example, selling electricity at the cost of generation may push up the costs of production of goods in many industries. Many units, especially small-scale units, might have to shut down. Therefore, government has to bear part of the cost.There are a large number of activities which are the primary responsibility of the government. The government must spend on these. Providing health and education facilities for all is one example. A healthy and educated workforce makes the nation stronger and is a necessity for the economic development of the nation.Government provides a number of facilities that are for well being of people and contribute to economic development. For example : minimum support price to farmers, providing water and sanitation facilities, human development and housing facilities to poor. These steps are necessary for the upliftment of poor and to make them a part of the mainstream productive population.

Sectors of the Indian Economy

Exercise

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