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Life Processes — Question 12

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Question 12

What are the differences between the transport of materials in xylem and phloem?

Answer
Xylem TransportPhloem Transport
It transports water and minerals.It transports food.
It does not require expense of energy.It requires energy for transportation of food.
The movement is unidirectional i.e. upwardThe movement is in both upward and downward direction.
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Science | Chapter 5: Life ProcessesWeb Content

Chapter 5: Life Processes — Quick Revision Guide

Introduction

Life processes are the basic functions performed by all living organisms to sustain life. This chapter covers nutrition (autotrophic and heterotrophic), respiration, transportation, and excretion in plants and animals.

Key Points at a Glance

  1. Photosynthesis: 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2 (in chloroplasts using chlorophyll and sunlight)
  2. Stomata: tiny pores for gas exchange and transpiration; guard cells control opening/closing
  3. Human digestive system: mouth (salivary amylase) → stomach (HCl, pepsin) → small intestine (bile, trypsin, lipase; absorption by villi) → large intestine → anus
  4. Aerobic respiration (mitochondria): glucose + O2 → CO2 + H2O + 38 ATP
  5. Anaerobic: in yeast → ethanol + CO2; in muscles → lactic acid; both yield 2 ATP
  6. Xylem: transports water upward (dead cells, transpiration pull); Phloem: transports food bidirectionally (living cells, uses ATP)
  7. Heart: 4 chambers, double circulation (pulmonary + systemic); septum prevents mixing
  8. Blood: plasma + RBCs (O2 via haemoglobin) + WBCs (immunity) + platelets (clotting)
  9. Nephron: Bowman's capsule + glomerulus → filtration → reabsorption → urine; dialysis for kidney failure
  10. Plant excretion: transpiration, leaf fall, stored in vacuoles, resins/gums

Real-World Connections

Photosynthesis is the basis of all food chains; fermentation used in bread and alcohol production; blood donation saves lives; dialysis machines sustain patients with kidney failure.

Quick Self-Test (5 Questions)

  1. What is the most important concept you learned from this chapter?
  2. Can you write three key equations/formulae from this chapter from memory?
  3. Draw a labelled diagram relevant to this chapter without looking at your notes.
  4. Explain one real-world application of a concept from this chapter.
  5. What is one common mistake students make in this chapter, and how can you avoid it?

Further Study

  • NCERT Textbook Chapter 5
  • NCERT Exemplar Problems
  • Bright Tutorials Detailed Notes: ch05-life-processes.html
  • Bright Tutorials Practice Questions: ch05-life-processes.html
  • Previous Year CBSE Board Papers

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