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CBSE Class 10 Science Question 5 of 13

Life Processes — Question 9

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Question 9

How are the alveoli designed to maximise the exchange of gases?

Answer

The alveoli provide a large surface area for the exchange of gases to take place. The walls of the alveoli contain an extensive network of blood-vessels. The blood brings carbon dioxide from the rest of the body for release into the alveoli, and the oxygen in the alveolar air is taken up by blood in the alveolar blood vessels to be transported to all the cells in the body.

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Science | Chapter 5: Life ProcessesWeb Content

Chapter 5: Life Processes — Quick Revision Guide

Introduction

Life processes are the basic functions performed by all living organisms to sustain life. This chapter covers nutrition (autotrophic and heterotrophic), respiration, transportation, and excretion in plants and animals.

Key Points at a Glance

  1. Photosynthesis: 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2 (in chloroplasts using chlorophyll and sunlight)
  2. Stomata: tiny pores for gas exchange and transpiration; guard cells control opening/closing
  3. Human digestive system: mouth (salivary amylase) → stomach (HCl, pepsin) → small intestine (bile, trypsin, lipase; absorption by villi) → large intestine → anus
  4. Aerobic respiration (mitochondria): glucose + O2 → CO2 + H2O + 38 ATP
  5. Anaerobic: in yeast → ethanol + CO2; in muscles → lactic acid; both yield 2 ATP
  6. Xylem: transports water upward (dead cells, transpiration pull); Phloem: transports food bidirectionally (living cells, uses ATP)
  7. Heart: 4 chambers, double circulation (pulmonary + systemic); septum prevents mixing
  8. Blood: plasma + RBCs (O2 via haemoglobin) + WBCs (immunity) + platelets (clotting)
  9. Nephron: Bowman's capsule + glomerulus → filtration → reabsorption → urine; dialysis for kidney failure
  10. Plant excretion: transpiration, leaf fall, stored in vacuoles, resins/gums

Real-World Connections

Photosynthesis is the basis of all food chains; fermentation used in bread and alcohol production; blood donation saves lives; dialysis machines sustain patients with kidney failure.

Quick Self-Test (5 Questions)

  1. What is the most important concept you learned from this chapter?
  2. Can you write three key equations/formulae from this chapter from memory?
  3. Draw a labelled diagram relevant to this chapter without looking at your notes.
  4. Explain one real-world application of a concept from this chapter.
  5. What is one common mistake students make in this chapter, and how can you avoid it?

Further Study

  • NCERT Textbook Chapter 5
  • NCERT Exemplar Problems
  • Bright Tutorials Detailed Notes: ch05-life-processes.html
  • Bright Tutorials Practice Questions: ch05-life-processes.html
  • Previous Year CBSE Board Papers

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