Question 1

Question 1Assertion (A): A computer is an electronic device which is versatile in nature and can store, process and retrieve data.Reasoning (R): Usually, computers can perform a variety of tasks which make life more comfortable.Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.A is true but R is false.A is false but R is true.

Accepted Answer

Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.ExplanationA computer is an electronic device which is versatile in nature, capable of storing, processing, and retrieving data. Computers can perform a variety of tasks, making life more comfortable by enhancing efficiency, productivity, and convenience in various aspects of daily activities.

Question 2

Question 2Assertion (A): Random Access Memory (RAM) is volatile and stores data/programs currently in use.Reasoning (R): RAM is a memory that retains its contents even after the system is switched off.Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.A is true but R is false.A is false but R is true.

Accepted Answer

A is true but R is false.ExplanationRandom Access Memory (RAM) is used for primary storage in computers to hold active information of data and instructions. RAM is a volatile memory as it does not store data and instructions permanently and loses its contents when the power is switched off or interrupted.

Question 3

Question 3Assertion (A): Data is stored inside RAM for future retrieval.Reasoning (R): Secondary memory holds data inside the computer system permanently.Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.A is true but R is false.A is false but R is true.

Accepted Answer

A is false but R is true.ExplanationData is not stored inside RAM for future retrieval because RAM (Random Access Memory) is a volatile memory as it does not store data and instructions permanently and loses its contents when the power is switched off or interrupted. Secondary memory, on the other hand, holds data permanently within the computer system, as it includes non-volatile storage.

Question 4

Question 4Assertion (A): Compilers, Interpreters and Assemblers are categorized as Language translators.Reasoning (R): A Language translator is a special system software that is used to translate the program written in high-level language (or Assembly language) into machine code.Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.A is true but R is false.A is false but R is true.

Accepted Answer

Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.ExplanationA language translator is special system software used to translate programs written in high-level languages into machine code. Language processors or translators can be any of the following three types: compilers, interpreters, and assemblers.

Question 5

Question 5Assertion (A): An Operating System (OS) acts as an interface between a user and a computer system.Reasoning (R): An Operating System provides a user-friendly interface that allows users to interact with the computer system and access various hardware devices, enabling them to communicate with each other.Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.A is true but R is false.A is false but R is true.

Accepted Answer

Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.ExplanationAn Operating System (OS) is a program that acts as an interface between a user and the hardware of a computer system. It provides a user-friendly interface, allowing users to interact with the computer system and access various hardware devices, enabling communication between them.

Question 6

Question 6Name the input or output device used to do the following:(a) To output audio(b) To enter textual data(c) To make hard copy of a text file(d) To display the data or information(e) To enter audio-based command(f) To build 3D models(g) To assist a visually impaired individual in entering data

Accepted Answer

(a) To output audio — Speakers (output device)(b) To enter textual data — Keyboard (input device)(c) To make hard copy of a text file — Printer (output device)(d) To display the data or information — Monitor (output device)(e) To enter audio-based command — Microphone (input device)(f) To build 3D models — 3D Mouse or Graphics Tablet (input device)(g) To assist a visually impaired individual in entering data — Braille Keyboard (input device)

Question 7

Question 7"Hardware is of no use without software and software cannot be used without hardware." Explain.

Accepted Answer

Hardware refers to the physical components of a computer system, such as the CPU, memory, and storage devices, which provide the infrastructure for computing operations. However, without software — the programs and applications that instruct hardware how to function — these components cannot perform meaningful tasks. Conversely, software requires hardware to execute its instructions. Software encompasses operating systems, applications, and utilities that enable users to interact with computers and perform specific tasks. These programs rely on hardware to provide processing power, storage, and input/output capabilities necessary for running software effectively. Together, hardware and software make the computer system function.

Question 8

Question 8How can software be classified? Name at least one software in each of the categories.

Accepted Answer

Depending on the mode of interaction with hardware and functions to be performed, software can be broadly classified into three categories:System Software — System software refers to the programs that control internal computer operations and make best use of the hardware. For example, operating system, language translators etc.Application Software — Application Software is the set of programs necessary to carry out operations for a specified application. For example, word processing software, spreadsheet software etc.Utility Software — Utility software helps to manage, maintain and control computer resources. For example, text editor, antivirus software etc.

Question 9

Question 9What is an operating system? Write names of any two popular operating systems.

Accepted Answer

An operating system is an integrated set of programs that manages various resources and the overall operations of a computer system. It is designed to support the various activities of the computer system in a systematic way.For example, Microsoft Windows, Linux, etc.

Question 10

Question 11What are output devices? Give some examples.

Accepted Answer

Output devices are the devices that produce the output generated by the CPU in human understandable form, such as audio, video, text or hard copy, viz. printed documents.For example: Visual Display Unit (VDU)/Monitor, LCD Screen, LED Screen, OLED, Printer, Speakers, Plotters etc.

Question 11

Question 13Briefly explain the working of a laser printer.

Accepted Answer

Laser printers use laser technology to produce printed documents. They use a dry form of ink called toner which is made up of tiny particles. They are very fast and are used for high-quality prints.

Question 12

Question 15What are plotters? List the different types of plotters.

Accepted Answer

Plotters are output devices that are used for producing high quality images, engineering drawings, architectural blueprints etc.The different types of plotters are as follows:Pen PlottersFlatbed PlottersDrum Plotters

Question 13

Question 16What are secondary storage devices? Give examples.

Accepted Answer

Secondary storage devices are used to store a large amount of data permanently which is not possible by using the primary or main memory.For examples, Hard disk, Blu-ray disc, Compact disc, Magnetic tapes, DVD, USB pen drive, memory cards etc.

Question 14

Question 17What is the major difference between optical and magnetic discs?

Accepted Answer

Optical Discs use laser technology to read and write data. The data is encoded on the disc surface as tiny pits and lands, which are read by a laser beam.Magnetic Discs use magnetic fields to store data. The data is recorded on a magnetic surface, such as that found in hard disk drives, in the form of magnetic patterns.

Question 15

Question 18List the differences between a CD and a DVD.

Accepted Answer

CDDVDCD stands for Compact Disc.DVD stands for Digital Versatile Disc.The storage capacity varies from 650 MB to 900 MB.A DVD can hold 4.7 GB to 17 GB of data.CDs are made of a polycarbonate disc with a reflective aluminum layer on one side.DVDs are made of a polycarbonate disc with a reflective aluminum layer on both sides.CDs are more likely to be scratched or damaged, which can cause data loss.DVDs are more durable than CDs as they have a protective layer on both sides of the disc.

Question 16

Question 19Explain the statement, "Functioning of a computer is similar to the way the human brain functions."

Accepted Answer

The statement "Functioning of a computer is similar to the way the human brain functions" compares how both systems process information. Computers use input devices like keyboards and mice to receive data, and output devices like monitors and printers to present results. Similarly, the human brain receives input through sensory organs such as the eyes, ears, and skin, and produces responses through actions and speech. Both systems use internal processes—computers use the CPU and memory for data handling, while the brain processes sensory information and stores memories.

Question 17

Question 20Explain in brief the basic architecture of a computer.

Accepted Answer

A computer system comprises of five basic components:Input Unit — An input unit takes the input and converts it into binary form so that it can be understood by the computer. For example, keyboard, mouse etc.Output Unit — It converts the output in binary form to human readable form. For example, monitor, speakers etc.Central Processing Unit (CPU) — It is responsible for processing the data and instructions. It consists of two parts:Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU) — It performs all the four arithmetic operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication and division) and some logical operations (less than, greater than, less than equal to, greater than equal to, equal to, not equal to).Control Unit (CU) — It acts as a supervisor by controlling and guiding the operation taking place.Primary Memory — It is the internal volatile­ memory where data and instructions are stored during processing. It is of two types: Random Access Memory (RAM) and Read Only Memory (ROM).Secondary Storage Unit — It refers to the external storage devices which provide permanent memory to the computer system. For example, hard disk, compact disk, flash drive etc.

Question 18

Question 21What is an input unit? Give its significance.

Accepted Answer

An input unit takes the input and converts it into binary form which is directly understood by the computer.Computers only understand binary language that uses just two symbols: 1 for ON and 0 for OFF. The input unit translates raw data from external sources into binary language that the computer understands. Without this conversion, the computer would not be able to understand or process the data provided.

Question 19

Question 22List and briefly explain all the components of a CPU.

Accepted Answer

There are mainly three components of a CPU:Arithmetic and Logical Unit (ALU) — All calculations and comparisons are made in this unit. The ALU performs the arithmetic (+, -, *, /) and logical (AND, OR, NOT, XOR) operations sent from the memory, performs specific operations (addition, subtraction etc) and the result is returned to the memory. The result of the logical operations is either true or false and helps the computer in decision-making.Control Unit (CU) — The CU controls the flow of data from input devices to memory and from memory to output devices. It controls and guides the interpretation, flow and manipulation of all data and information. It does not actually process the data, instead, it sends control signals to ALU and memory for carrying out the required operations.Registers — These are high-speed temporary storage areas found in CPU. Registers work as per the instructions given by the control unit (CU), storing instructions and data immediately required for performing an operation. The CPU places the highest priority jobs/data inside registers for faster execution/processing. Registers can be of different sizes (16 bits, 32 bits, 64 bits and so on) and each register inside the CPU has a specific function like storing data, storing an instruction, storing address of a location in memory etc.

Question 20

Question 23Why is a control unit referred to as the central controller of a computer?

Accepted Answer

A control unit is referred to as the central controller of a computer because it controls the flow of data from input devices to memory and from memory to output devices. It controls and guides the interpretation, flow, and manipulation of all data and information, sending control signals to the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) and memory to execute the required operations effectively.

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