Question 1

Question 1Assertion (A): In hierarchical model, searching for a record is a time-consuming task.Reasoning (R): Hierarchical model owns to the organization of information/data in a tree-like structure.Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.A is true but R is false.A is false but R is true.

Accepted Answer

Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.ExplanationThe hierarchical model arranges data in a tree structure, where each record has a parent-child relationship. Searching for a specific record in such a model may require traversing through multiple levels of the hierarchy, which is time-consuming.

Question 2

Question 2Assertion (A): RDBMS stands for Relational Database Management System.Reasoning (R): RDBMS does not allow relating or associating two tables in a database.Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.A is true but R is false.A is false but R is true.

Accepted Answer

A is true but R is false.ExplanationRDBMS stands for Relational Database Management System. RDBMS allows relating or associating two tables in a database through the use of primary keys, foreign keys, and joins.

Question 3

Question 3Assertion (A): A database is the largest component for holding and storing data and may contain several tables.Reasoning (R): Each table comprises multiple rows and records.Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.A is true but R is false.A is false but R is true.

Accepted Answer

Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.ExplanationA database is the largest component for storing and managing data, capable of containing multiple tables. Tables are utilized to organize and store related data in a structured manner, with each table consisting of multiple rows and columns.

Question 4

Question 4Assertion (A): Referential integrity is a constraint that defines rules of holding data in parent and child table.Reasoning (R): Referential integrity ensures that users don't accidently delete or change related data.Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.A is true but R is false.A is false but R is true.

Accepted Answer

Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.ExplanationReferential integrity is a constraint that defines rules for maintaining data relationships between parent and child tables in a database. The referential integrity constraint requires that values in a foreign key column must either be present in the primary key that is referenced by the foreign key or they must be null. It ensures the preservation of related data by preventing accidental deletion or modification.

Question 5

Question 5Assertion (A): The number of attributes or columns in a relation is called the degree of the relation.Reasoning (R): The number of tuples or records in a relation is called the cardinality of the relation.Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.A is true but R is false.A is false but R is true.

Accepted Answer

Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.ExplanationThe degree of a relation and the cardinality of a relation are two separate concepts in database management. The number of attributes or columns in a relation is called the degree of the relation, while the number of tuples or records in a relation is called the cardinality of the relation.

Question 6

Question 6Assertion (A): A foreign key is an attribute whose value is derived from the primary key of another relation.Reasoning (R): A foreign key is used to represent the relationship between tables or relations.Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.A is true but R is false.A is false but R is true.

Accepted Answer

Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.ExplanationA foreign key is a non-key attribute whose value is derived from the primary key of another table in a database. It references the primary key in another table, thereby establishing a relationship between the two tables.

Question 7

Question 7Assertion (A): Order by clause is used to sort the records of a table in ascending or descending order.Reasoning (R): For sorting in ascending or descending order, ASC and DESC keywords are used along with the Order by clause.Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.A is true but R is false.A is false but R is true.

Accepted Answer

Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.ExplanationThe SQL ORDER BY clause is used to sort the data is ascending or descending order based on one or more columns. This clause sorts the records in ascending order (ASC) by default. To sort the records in descending order, DESC keyword is used. The syntax for ORDER BY clause is as follows: SELECT FROM [WHERE ] ORDER BY [ASC|DESC];.

Question 8

Question 8Assertion (A): COUNT() function ignores distinct values.Reasoning (R): Distinct clause ignores duplicate values.Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.A is true but R is false.A is false but R is true.

Accepted Answer

A is false but R is true.ExplanationThe COUNT() function in SQL does not ignore distinct values, it counts all occurrences, including distinct values. On the other hand, the DISTINCT keyword in SQL eliminates duplicate values, ensuring that only distinct values are considered.

Question 9

Question 9Assertion (A): The HAVING clause is used with GROUP BY clause and aggregate functions.Reasoning (R): WHERE clause specifies the condition on individual rows or records.Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.A is true but R is false.A is false but R is true.

Accepted Answer

Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.ExplanationThe HAVING clause is used in combination with the GROUP BY clause. It allows aggregate functions to be used along with the specified condition. This is necessary because aggregate functions cannot be used with the WHERE clause, which is evaluated on a single row, whereas aggregate functions are evaluated on a group of rows specified by the GROUP BY clause.

Question 10

Question 10Assertion (A): SQL queries are performed on a table created under a database.Reasoning (R): The database is a folder created by the user in MySQL workbench. Thereafter, the tables are created in a database where various queries can be performed using SQL commands.Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.A is true but R is false.A is false but R is true.

Accepted Answer

Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.ExplanationThe database is a folder created by the user in MySQL workbench. Within this database, tables are created, and SQL commands are used to perform various queries on these tables, such as altering tables, inserting data, and retrieving data.

Question 11

Question 11Assertion (A): Cartesian product of two sets (A and B) is defined as the set of all possible ordered pairs denoted by (A + B).Reasoning (R): The Cartesian product is also known as the cross product of two sets. The Cartesian product of two tables can be evaluated such that each row of the first table will be paired with all the rows in the second table.Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.A is true but R is false.A is false but R is true.

Accepted Answer

A is false but R is true.ExplanationThe Cartesian product of two sets A and B is defined as the set of all possible ordered pairs, denoted as A × B. It is also known as the cross product or cross-join of two sets. In the context of databases, the Cartesian product of two tables can be evaluated such that each row of the first table is paired with all the rows in the second table.

Question 12

Question 12Assertion (A): Aggregate functions in SQL operate on multiple set of values and return a single value as the output.Reasoning (R): The aggregate functions are used to perform operations on a group of values. Some common aggregate functions are SUM(), MAX(), MIN(), etc.Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.A is true but R is false.A is false but R is true.

Accepted Answer

Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.ExplanationAggregate functions (multiple-row functions) in SQL operate on multiple sets of values and return a single value as the output. Some common aggregate functions are SUM(), MAX(), MIN(), etc., which are used to perform operations on groups of values.

Question 13

Question 1MySQL is a freely-available open-source RDBMS that implements SQL.

Accepted Answer