Question 1

Question 4Assertion. Hyperlinks are essential for navigating on the Internet.Reason. A hyperlink refers to a dynamic link upon clicking at which the linked resource or web page opens up.Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.A is true but R is false.A is false but R is true.

Accepted Answer

Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.ExplanationHyperlinks are essential for navigating the Internet as they allow users to easily move between different web pages and resources. A hyperlink refers to a dynamic link from a hypertext file to another such file, and upon clicking, the linked document opens up.

Question 2

Question 1What is WWW ? How does it function ?

Accepted Answer

WWW stands for World Wide Web. The World Wide Web is an Internet system i.e., a set of programs, standards, and protocols that allows the multimedia and hypertext files to be created, displayed and linked on the Internet.World Wide Web uses different technologies and protocols such as Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML), Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), web browser, internet etc. The basic functioning of WWW is as follows:A client uses a web browser to make HTTP request to a web server to get some resource on World Wide Web.This request reaches the web server via Internet.The web server locates the required resource on the database and makes it available to the client via Internet.For example, if the client enters the URL : http://www.edupillar.com/index.htm in the browser, a request is sent to the web server whose domain name is edupillar.com. The server then fetches the page named index.htm and send it to the browser of the client.

Question 3

Question 2What is a server ? What is a web server ?

Accepted Answer

A server is a computer that has server software loaded on it. Its main job is to manage network resources and share resources for clients. There are many types of servers — file server, mail server, web server etc.A web server is a World Wide Web server that stores web documents and responds to the requests made by web browsers. It is a specific protocol type of server, looking only for HTTP requests instead of many different types of resource requests.

Question 4

Question 3Enlist some services provided by a web server.

Accepted Answer

A web server is completely dedicated to handling requests for webpages. It provides following major services :Serving Web Pages — The primary function of a webserver is to deliver web pages on the request of clients using the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP). This means delivery of HTML documents and any additional content that may be included by a document, such as images, style sheets and scripts.Running Gateway Programs (CGI) and Returning Output — In order to process the requests received, the webservers need to run special programs called CGI programs which help them fetch the required output as per the request made by the client.Controlling Access to the Server — A full implementation of HTTP also includes ways of receiving content from clients. This feature is used for submitting web forms, including uploading of files.Monitoring and Logging all Access — The web servers also ensure that only authenticated access takes place and thus they keep running many monitoring programs and keep logging all the activities.Server Side Scripting — Many generic web servers also support server-side scripting using Active Server Pages (ASP), PHP, or other scripting languages.

Question 5

Question 5Differentiate between a web page and a home page.

Accepted Answer

Web pageHome PageA document using http and that resides on a web-site is known as a web page.Home page is the top-level web page of a web site. This is the page that gets displayed first of all when a web-site is opened.A website can contain many web pages.Only one web page can be set as the home page for a web site.

Question 6

Question 6How is a web site different from that of a web portal ?

Accepted Answer

Web siteWeb PortalCollection of webpages offering a specialized content pertaining to the need and goal of the organization owning the website.Collection of launch webpages of array of web-services like email, search engine, weather, gaming, news etc.It is often the final destination to access and use the provided specific information.It is normally an entry point or gateway for using the offered web-services.A website is generally linked to its own webpages.Generally linked to many other websites that provide these web-services.Caters to or delivers one specific type of application or content as per the goal of the website.A complete environment for managing and integrating a large number of diverse applications.Examples : knowledgeboat.com, edupillar.com, cbseacademic.in, ncert.nic.in etc.Examples : Google, Yahoo, Rediff, MSN, AOL etc.

Question 7

Question 7What are the components of a website ?

Accepted Answer

The essential components of a website are as follows:Webhost — A website is physically located on a Webhost. A group of linked webpages qualify to be called a website only when hosted on a web server. When the user specifies the address of the website, the webpages are transmitted to the user's computer from a webhost.Address — This is the address (URL) of the website. One needs to put this address into the web browser to see a website, and the asked site is delivered by the webserver.Homepage — The first page that appears when viewers go to a website is called the Homepage. Home page is very important as it sets the look and feel of the website and directs viewers to the rest of the pages in the website.Design — It is the overall look and feel the website has as a result of proper use and integration elements like navigation menus, graphics, layout etc.Content — All the webpages contained in the website together make up the content of the website.The Navigation Structure — The navigation structure of a website is the order of the pages, the collection of what links to what. Usually it is held together by at least one navigation menu.

Question 8

Question 8What are the components of a webpage ?

Accepted Answer

The components of a webpage can be categorized in two ways:1. Content wise components — Content wise components of a web page are as follows:Hypertext — It refers to a digital text, which is more than just text as it can include information in various media formats such as text, graphics, sound, images, videos and hyperlinks.Hyperlink — It refers to a link from a hypertext file to another such file. A hyperlink can be in the form of a graphic or text, upon clicking where the linked document opens up.2. Structure wise components— Structure wise components of a web page are as follows:Page Title — This is a single line text which is displayed on the title bar of the browser displaying web page.Header — This is generally a one or two line text defining the purpose of the web page. It is displayed at the top of the web page, below the address bar of the browser.Body of the web page — This is the section below the header of the web page and it contains the actual content of the web page.Navigational Links — These are the hyperlinks placed on the web page using which we can move to the linked web pages/documents.Footer — This is the bottom section of the web page. This is the section where usually the copyright notice, website contact information, etc. is put.

Question 9

Question 9Discuss some elements of a website.

Accepted Answer

The elements of a website are as follows:Webhost — A website is physically located on a web host. A group of linked web pages qualifies to be called a website only when hosted on a web server. When the user specifies the address of the website, the web pages are transmitted to the user's computer from the web host.Address — This is the address (URL) of the website. One needs to put this address into the web browser to see a website, and the asked site is delivered by the webserver.Homepage — The first page that appears when viewers go to a website is called the Homepage. Home page is very important as it sets the look and feel of the website and directs viewers to the rest of the pages in the website.Design — It is the overall look and feel the website has as a result of proper use and integration elements like navigation menus, graphics, layout etc.Content — All the webpages contained in the website together make up the content of the website.The Navigation Structure — The navigation structure of a website is the order of the pages, the collection of what links to what. Usually it is held together by at least one navigation menu.

Question 10

Question 10Briefly explain the basic concepts of a web server and web hosting.

Accepted Answer

A web server is a WWW server that stores web documents and responds to requests made by web browsers. Some examples are Apache, IIS, Nginx, GWS, and Netsite.A website is physically located on a web host. A group of linked web pages qualifies to be called a website only when hosted on a web server. When the user specifies the address of the website, the web pages are transmitted to the user's computer from the web host.

Question 11

Question 11Rati is doing a course in networking. She is unable to understand the concept of URL. Help her by explaining it with the help of suitable example.

Accepted Answer

A URL (Uniform Resource Locator) is a location on a net server. The Internet structure of the World Wide Web is built on a set of rules called Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), which uses Internet addresses in a special format called a URL.URLs look like this : type://address/path, where type: specifies the type of server in which the file is located, address is the address of server, and path tells the location of file on the server.For example, in the following URL http://encycle.msn.com/getinfo/styles.asp, http: specifies the type of server, encycle.msn.com is the address of server and getinfo/style.asp is the path of the file styles.asp.

Question 12

Question 13What is a web site ? How is it related to a web page and a home page ?

Accepted Answer

A website is a group of related web pages hosted on a web server and are linked together and share a common interface and design.The web pages of a website are linked together through hyperlinks and hypertext, and share a common interface and design. All these web pages contain information related to the topic of the website.The first page that appears when viewers go to a website is called the home page. Home page is very important as it sets the look and feel of the website and directs viewers to the rest of the pages in the website.

Question 13

Question 14What do you understand by a(i) Web browser(ii) Web server ?

Accepted Answer

(i) A web browser is a program that lets us visit different websites on the internet and display their offerings on our own computer. For example, Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Safari, etc.(ii) A web server is a World Wide Web (WWW) server that stores web documents and responds to the requests made by web browsers. For example, Apache Webserver, Apache Tomcat, Webserver IIS, etc.

Question 14

Question 15What is a URL ? What are its components ? Examplify.

Accepted Answer

A location on a net server is called a URL or Uniform Resource Locator.A URL is written as type://address/pathThus, the components of a URL are:type — The type of server or protocoladdress — The name/address of the server on the Internetpath — The location of the file on the serverFor example, in the following URL:http://encycle.msn.com/getinfo/styles.asphttp — specifies the type of server and protocolencycle.msn.com — specifies the name/address of the server on the Internetgetinfo/styles.asp — specifies the location of the file on the server

Question 15

Question 16How is an absolute URL different from a relative URL ?

Accepted Answer

Absolute URLsRelative URLsAbsolute URLs contain both the domain name and directory/page path.Relative URLs are just with the path excluding the domain name.It includes the protocol (http://, https://, ftp://).It does not include the protocol.Ths syntax is : protocol://domain/path.The syntax is : path.It gives complete information about the file location.It doesn't give the full information about the file location but just gives a reference of the file.They are used to link to resources on different domains or servers.They are used to link to resources within the same domain or server.Example : http://www.edupillar.com/aboutus.aspxExample : category/file.htm

Question 16

Question 17What do you understand by http ? How is it related to world wide web ?

Accepted Answer

The HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) is the set of rules for transferring hypertext (i.e., text, graphic, image, sound, video etc.) on WWW (World Wide Web).HTTP is the protocol that enables the functioning of the World Wide Web by facilitating the exchange of information between clients (web browsers) and servers, allowing users to access and interact with web content.

Question 17

Question 18What are the two parts of an email address ? Which character is used to separate these two parts ?

Accepted Answer

An e-mail address has two parts separated by '@' symbol :Username — On the left side of @ operator is the username.Domain name for the host server — The portion to the right of @ identifies the server or host or network that services our e-mail.

Question 18

Question 19Explain the structure of an email address.

Accepted Answer

E-mail addresses are commonly written in the form given below:username@hostnameAn email-address has two parts separated by '@' symbol.Username — On the left side of @ separator is the user name. A user name can not have blanks.Domain name for the host server — The portion to the right of @ identifies the server or host or network that services your e-mail. It is sometimes also called the e-mail server.For example, pacas@gmail.com, hello@kboat.in, etc.

Question 19

Question 20Explain the structure of an email message. Also differentiate between cc: and bcc: fields.

Accepted Answer

The general structure of an e-mail message is as follows:From — This is the address of the sender of the e-mail.To — This is the address or addresses to which the e-mail is sent.CC — It stands for Carbon Copy. Here we specify the address/addresses of those to whom we want to send a copy of the e-mail. The CC recipient's name is visible to all recipients.BCC — It is for Blind Carbon Copy. This is also a list of addresses that will receive a copy of the e-mail but BCC recipient's name is not visible to other recipients. The BCC recipients can see the TO and CC addresses.Subject — A short title for the mail which speaks about contents of the message.Body — It is the actual message.Attachments — We can attach one or more pictures and documents or any other file with our e-mail.Date — This is the date and time on which the message was sent from the sender's computer.Message-id — Every message will have a unique id, which is used to track replies to it. The message id is not visible to us. It is used internally by the e-mail program and the e-mail system.The difference between cc and bcc is as follows:CcBccIt stands for Carbon Copy.It stands for Blind Carbon Copy.The e-mail addresses of all the recipients are displayed in the message.It hides the e-mail addresses of all recipients such that they are not visible in the message.It does not protect the privacy of our recipients.It protects the privacy of our recipients.

Question 20

Question 21What are plugins ? How do you install these on a web browser ?

Accepted Answer

A plug-in (also called plugin, add-on, or extension) is a software component that adds a specific feature to an existing computer program such as a web browser.To install a plugin on a web browser, we need to look for extensions store, which for example, on Google Chrome, it is Chrome web store and for Opera, it is Opera Extension Store.For Google Chrome,(i) Open extensions by typing chrome://extensions in the address bar and from the side bar, click at Open Chrome web store at the bottom.(ii) It will open Chrome web store, wherefrom choose the desired plug in/add on and click on it to install.For Opera browser,(i) Click on Opera menu → Extensions → Get Extensions command.(ii) It will open the Opera extension store, wherefrom we can look for desired plug in/add on and click on it to install it.

Introduction to Internet and Web

Assertions And Reasons

Assignment

Multiple Choice Questions