Question 1

Question 8Assertion. Freeware and Free software mean the same.Reason. Free software may be chargeable.Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.A is true but R is false.A is false but R is true.

Accepted Answer

A is false but R is true.ExplanationFreeware is software that is available free of cost and allows copying and further distribution, but not modification, and whose source code is not available. Free software, on the other hand, is freely accessible and can be used, changed, improved, copied, and distributed by anyone without any restrictions or payments. While free software is often available at no cost, it's possible for developers to charge for services, support, or proprietary features related to the software.

Question 2

Question 10Assertion (A): Social media are websites or applications that enable their users to participate in social networking but they cannot create and share content with others in the community.Reasoning (R): We should not waste precious time in responding to unnecessary emails or comments unless they have some relevance for us.Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.A is true but R is false.A is false but R is true.

Accepted Answer

A is false but R is true.ExplanationSocial media are websites or applications that enable their users to participate in social networking and allow users to create and share content with others in the community. This is one of the primary functions of social media. We should not waste our precious time in responding to unnecessary emails or comments unless they have some relevance for us.

Question 3

Question 3Why is it so important to carefully think of digital footprint ?

Accepted Answer

It is important to think carefully of digital footprint because:It gives us a digital persona by defining our online behavior.The digital footprint is often used by universities before approving admissions to a student.The digital footprint is also used by future employers, and law enforcement offices, to find people with positive and clean digital footprint.The digital footprint should not provide personal information as it could be misinterpreted or misused for theft or identity.

Question 4

Question 9How can you protect your digital properties ?

Accepted Answer

The following ways to ensure protection of your digital properties:Anti-Tamper Solutions — They use a host of advanced technologies to prevent hacking, reverse-engineering or manipulating digital properties such as utility tools, software, apps, video games and so forth.Legal Clauses — There must be a transparent clause in the software's Terms of Service that prohibits the scraping of the software's source code for reuse.Limit the sharing of software code — One should share software code only with trusted individuals who are part of development team. Digital Rights Management (DRM) solution can protect a software from being scraped for source code using decompilers etc.

Question 5

Question 12(ii)Compare and Contrast : OSS and FLOSS.

Accepted Answer

OSS refers to Open Source Software whose source code is made available to the public, allowing anyone to view, modify, and distribute the code. However, OSS does not necessarily mean that the software is completely free of charge. It only means that the source code is available for others to access and modify.FLOSS refers to Free Libre/Livre and Open Source Software. The term FLOSS is used to refer to a software which is both free software as well as open source software. In addition to being Open Source, FLOSS also emphasises that no charges are applicable to the user for using and distributing the software.

Question 6

Question 12(iv)Compare and Contrast : Freeware and Shareware.

Accepted Answer

The term freeware is generally used for software, which is available free of cost and which allows copying and further distribution, but not modification and whose source code is not available. The right to use the software is limited to certain types of users for instance, for private and non-commercial purposes.Shareware is a software which is made available with the right to redistribute copies, but it is stipulated that if one intends to use the software, often after a certain period of time then a license fee should be paid. The source code of shareware is not available and modifications to the software are not allowed.

Question 7

Question 18These days it is equally important to safeguard digital properties :(a) What are digital properties ?(b) Why is above given statement/fact important ?(c) What are possible threats to digital properties ?(d) How can digital properties be safeguarded ?

Accepted Answer

(a) Digital property (or digital assets) refers to any information about us or created by us that exists in digital form, either online or on an electronic storage device.For example, any online personal accounts such as email, personal websites and blogs, domain names registered in our name, intellectual properties etc.(b) Digital property rights lie with the owner. Legally a person who has created it or the owner who has got it developed by paying legally is the legal owner of a digital property. Only the owner can use and decide who all and in what form can his/her digital asset may be used by others, whether by making payments or by buying it or by obtaining its license or usage rights etc. Thus, it is important to safeguard digital properties.(c) The common threats to digital properties are as follows:Digital software penetration tools — There are many software penetration tools such as cracks and keygens which enable unauthorized users to freely access a software without actually paying for it.Stealing and plagiarizing codes of digital properties — Other developers may steal a software's source code and use it to build their own versions of it, and then sell it under their own company name.(d) The following are the ways to ensure protection of digital properties:Anti-Tamper Solutions — They use a host of advanced technologies to prevent hacking, reverse-engineering or manipulating digital properties such as utility tools, software, apps, video games and so forth.Legal Clauses — There must be a transparent clause in the software's Terms of Service that prohibits the scraping of the software's source code for reuse.Limit the sharing of software code — One should share software code only with trusted individuals who are part of development team. Digital Rights Management (DRM) solution can protect a software from being scraped for source code using decompilers etc.

Question 8

Question 20What is cyber crime ? Give examples.

Accepted Answer

Cyber crime is any criminal offense that is facilitated by, or involves the use of, electronic communications or information systems, including any electronic device, computer, or the Internet.Examples: Hacking, Spoofing, Phishing etc.

Question 9

Question 22What is Internet addiction ? What are some symptoms of the Internet addiction ?

Accepted Answer

When a person can't find a balance between their time online and their time offline, it considerably affects their mental health, this condition is called Internet addiction.Symptoms of Internet addiction are as follows:Excessive social networkingPlaying online gamesExcessive bloggingCompulsive online gamblingExcessive online ShoppingCompulsive watching of Internet videos and pornography

Question 10

Question 26(i)What are some common net etiquettes ?

Accepted Answer

The list of net etiquettes are as follows:Refrain from personal abuse.Never spam.Write clearly and concisely.Always post correct content in respectful language.In a discussion forum, stick to the topic.Never expect other people to do our homework.Do not post copyrighted material for which we do not own the rights.

Question 11

Question 26(ii)What do you understand by Net Etiquettes ? Explain any two such etiquettes.

Accepted Answer

Net Etiquettes refers to online manners while using Internet or working online. While online, we should be courteous, truthful and respectful of others.The two netiquettes are as follows:Refrain from personal abuse — If we disagree to something, we may express robust disagreement, but never call them names or threaten them with personal violence.Never spam — We should not repeatedly post the same advertisement for products or services.

Question 12

Question 27Nowadays all of us frequently use social media to connect with our friends. Give any two netiquettes that we should follow while communicating on social media.

Accepted Answer

The two netiquettes that we should follow while communicating on social media are as follows:Always post correct content in respectful language.Do not post copyrighted material to which we do not own the rights.

Question 13

Question 28What is hacking ? Who is a hacker ?

Accepted Answer

Hacking refers to gaining unauthorized access to a network or computer or digital files, with an intention to steal or manipulate data or information or to install malware.A hacker is someone who gains unauthorized access to our network or computer or digital files, with an intention to steal or manipulate data or information or to install malware.

Question 14

Question 29List any two health hazards related to excessive use of Technology.

Accepted Answer

The two health hazards related to excessive use of technology are as follows:Repetitive Strain Injury (RSI) — It is an injury or disorder of the muscles, nerves, tendons, ligaments and Joints.Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS) — It is a technology related health condition affecting eyesight.

Question 15

Question 30How does excessive use of technology impact the mental health of a user ?

Accepted Answer

Excessive use of technology leads to isolation, as people don't get time to physically socialize. It sometimes also leads to anxiety and depression, as people often tend to think that their "connections" have "perfect rosy lives" while they do not. Additionally, it can lead to Internet addiction. People may obsessively look through emails and messages, feeling stressed if they don't receive likes or replies on their posts, etc. This problem is formally termed Internet addiction disorder.

Question 16

Question 31How does excessive use of technology impact the physical health of a user ?

Accepted Answer

Excessive use of technology can have several impacts on physical health:Impact on Hearing — Listening to loud music for over 15 minutes can cause hearing damage. Using headphones for long periods increases bacteria in the ears by over 700 times.Impact on Bones and Joints — Technology affects posture due to prolonged sitting and repetitive movements, leading to muscle and joint strain. Repetitive Strain Injuries (RSIs) affect muscles, nerves, tendons, ligaments, and joints.Eye Problems — Constant screen exposure from smartphones, laptops, and computers can damage vision, especially due to blue light, leading to potential vision loss. Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS) is a related eye condition.Sleep Issues — Excessive device use disrupts sleep due to bright screen light suppressing melatonin production. Poor sleep impacts cognitive function, memory, and attention span.

Question 17

Question 32What is a virus ? What is anti-virus software ?

Accepted Answer

A virus is a malicious codes/programs that cause damage to data and files on a system. Viruses can attack any part of a computer's software such as boot block, operating system, system areas, files and application-program-macros etc.Anti-virus software is designed to detect and block attacks from malware. This software when loaded, resides in memory and checks every operation if it is malicious or not. If it finds any suspicious activity, it blocks that operation and saves our computer.

Question 18

Question 33What is a computer virus ? How can it affect your computer ?

Accepted Answer

A computer virus is a computer program that can infect other computer programs by modifying them in such a way as to include a copy of itself.Viruses can alter, corrupt and delete files, freeze the computer, flash unknown or unasked messages or display unwanted graphics on the computer screen, play unwanted music and interfere with the computer operation.

Question 19

Question 34What type of damages can be caused by viruses to your computer ?

Accepted Answer

A virus can damage our computer in the following ways:Some viruses may delete or damage random documents or specific files that are crucial to the operating system.Viruses can run in the background, without being seen, and may cause the computer to run extremely slow.Some forms of viruses may infect the email program and spread themselves to the contacts in the address book.

Question 20

Question 35What are Malware ? What type of damages can they cause to your computer ?

Accepted Answer

Malware is a general term used to refer to viruses, worms, spyware, adware etc. It is unwanted software that someone else wants to run on our computer. Malware infects our computer, making it behave in a way, which we do not approve of.Malware can damage our computer in the following ways:Some viruses may delete or damage random documents or specific files that are crucial to the operating system.Viruses can run in the background, without being seen, and may cause our computer to run extremely slow.Some forms of viruses may infect the email program and spread themselves to the contacts in the address book.Spyware can monitor information about our computing habits which in the end can lead to identity theft.Some forms of spyware can also alter computer settings like our web browser home page setting or the placement of our desktop icons.Spyware can rob our PC or system speed and Internet access efficiency.Adware tracks information about our data and computing habits to produce targeted advertising, such as pop-up ads, on your computer screen.When infected with adware, we will likely see frequent pop-up ads appear out of nowhere.

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