Question 1

Question 1Fill in the blanks.(a) A place where animals are protected in their natural habitat is called ............... .(b) Species found only in a particular area is known as ............... .(c) Migratory birds fly to far away places because of ............... changes.

Accepted Answer

(a) A place where animals are protected in their natural habitat is called Wildlife Sanctuary.(b) Species found only in a particular area is known as endemic species.(c) Migratory birds fly to far away places because of climatic changes.

Question 2

Question 2(a)Differentiate between 'Wildlife sanctuary' and 'Biosphere reserve'.

Accepted Answer

Differences between 'Wildlife sanctuary' and 'Biosphere reserve':Wildlife SanctuaryBiosphere ReserveWildlife Sanctuaries provide protection and suitable living conditions to wild animals.Large areas of protected land for conservation of wild life, plant and animal resources and traditional life of the tribals living in the area.Preserves wild animals and birds.Preserves complete biodiversity including plants, animals and microorganisms.Certain activities such as grazing livestock, collecting medicinal plants and firewood is allowed.Human activities are not allowed.Examples — Sanjay Gandhi Wildlife Sanctuary, Chinnar Wildlife SanctuaryExamples — Pachmarhi Biosphere Reserve, Sunderbans National Reserve

Question 3

Question 2(b)Differentiate between 'Zoo' and 'Wildlife sanctuary'.

Accepted Answer

Differences between Zoo and Wildlife sanctuary:ZooWildlife sanctuaryAnimals are kept in artificial habitat.Animals are kept in their natural habitat.Animals are kept for public display.Animals are protected in their own environment.Zoo contains the animals that are brought from the different parts of the world for exhibition.A wildlife sanctuary contains the animals that are found locally in that area.Examples — Mysore ZooExamples — Sanjay Gandhi Wildlife Sanctuary

Question 4

Question 2(c)Differentiate between 'Endangered' and 'Extinct species'.

Accepted Answer

Differences between Endangered and Extinct species:Endangered speciesExtinct speciesAnimals/plants whose numbers are diminishing to a level that they might face extinction are known as the endangered animals.Animals/plants that no more exist on earth are called extinct species.Can be saved by efforts of conservation.Cannot be revived.Examples — African wild dog, Royal Bengal tigerExamples — Dodo, Dinosaurs

Question 5

Question 2(d)Differentiate between 'Flora' and 'Fauna'.

Accepted Answer

Differences between Flora and Fauna:FloraFaunaFlora means the plants naturally occurring in a particular area.Fauna means the animals naturally living in a particular area.Flora is the naturally grown greenery of a region.Fauna includes all types of organisms from tiny bacteria to giant animals.Flora can make their own food with the help of photosynthesis.Fauna can't make their own food, they depend on plants for their food.Some examples of flora:mosses, herbs, shrubs and trees etc.Some examples of fauna:birds, animals, fish, insects, etc.

Question 6

Question 3(a)Discuss the effects of deforestation on wild animals.

Accepted Answer

The effects of deforestation on wild animals are:Deforestation leads to the loss of shelter, food sources, and breeding grounds for wild animals.They are forced to migrate to urban areas in search of food and shelter leading to their clash with humans and exposing them to various threats.Deforestation often results in the death of many wild animals gradually leading to their extinction.

Question 7

Question 3(b)Discuss the effects of deforestation on Environment.

Accepted Answer

Following are the effects of deforestation on Environment :It increases the temperature and pollution level on the earth.Ground water level gets lowered.Rainfall decreases.Fertility of soil decreases.Higher carbon dioxide results in global warming.

Question 8

Question 3(c)Discuss the effects of deforestation on Villages (Rural areas).

Accepted Answer

The effects of deforestation on Villages (Rural areas) are:Deforestation results in loss of shelter of wild animals. These animals often enter the nearby villages and pose a threat to villagers.Villagers depend on forest products like wood, honey, resins etc. for their livelihood. Deforestation gives them economical set back.Deforestation causes soil erosion and floods that decrease the fertility of soil hampering agricultural activities in rural areas.

Question 9

Question 3(d)Discuss the effects of deforestation on Cities (Urban areas).

Accepted Answer

The effects of deforestation on Cities (Urban areas) are:Rise in temperature due to global warming.Reduction in rainfall.Increased pollution.Increased risk of many natural calamities such as floods and droughts.Deteriorating water quality and availability.

Question 10

Question 3(e)Discuss the effects of deforestation on Earth.

Accepted Answer

The effects of deforestation on Earth are:Climate change: Untimely rainfall, frequent droughts and heat waves are a few effects of climate change.Desertification: Removal of the top layer of the soil exposes the lower, hard and rocky layers. This soil has less humus and is less fertile. Gradually the fertile land gets converted into deserts.Soil erosion: Deforestation leaves the land naked and this causes large scale loss of top fertile layer of soil.Flooding: The barren lands are more susceptible to flooding.Global warming: Destruction of forest results in accumulation of green house gases leading to global warming.

Question 11

Question 3(f)Discuss the effects of deforestation on the next generation.

Accepted Answer

The effects of deforestation on the next generation will be:The next generation will likely face more extreme weather events, rising temperatures, and other climate-related challenges, impacting their quality of life.The next generation will lose biodiversity we are having today. Many species might go extinct before the next generation has a chance to understand and appreciate them.The next generation will face shortage of essential natural resources like wood, clean water, and medicinal plants.Increased pollution will affect air and water quality, leading to respiratory problems, waterborne diseases, and other health concerns for the next generation.Climatic changes and extinction of animals will lead to food scarcity for the next generation.

Question 12

Question 4(a)What will happen if we go on cutting trees.

Accepted Answer

If we go on cutting trees, rainfall and the fertility of the soil will decrease. Moreover, there will be increased chances of natural calamities such as floods and droughts. Global warming will increase with increase in carbon dioxide. Deforestation will lead to desertification of the land. Deforestation also leads to a decrease in the water holding capacity of the soil. The movement of water from the soil surface into the ground (infiltration rate) is reduced. The other properties of the soil like nutrient content, texture etc., also change due to cutting of trees.

Question 13

Question 4(b)What will happen if the habitat of an animal is disturbed.

Accepted Answer

Disturbing the habitat of an animal disrupts its shelter, food sources, and breeding grounds. The animal may migrate to urban areas, increasing conflicts with humans and exposing them to threats. Over time, this disturbance can contribute to a decline in the animal population, potentially leading to extinction.

Question 14

Question 4(c)What will happen if the top layer of soil is exposed.

Accepted Answer

The top layer of soil if exposed will get eroded. The erosion will expose the lower, hard and rocky layers that have less humus and are less fertile. Gradually the fertile land will get converted into desert resulting in desertification.

Question 15

Question 5(a)Why should we conserve biodiversity?

Accepted Answer

Biological diversity or biodiversity, refers to the variety of organisms existing on the earth, their interrelationships and their relationship with the environment. If biodiversity is not conserved it may lead to an imbalance in the ecosystem. It may also lead to permanent loss of different species of plants and animals. Therefore, it is important to conserve biodiversity.

Question 16

Question 5(b)Protected forests are also not completely safe for wild animals. Why?

Accepted Answer

Protected forests are also not completely safe for wild animals because people living in the neighbourhood use resources from the forest for their own needs. This can lead to wild animals being killed and sold for money, putting them in danger even in areas meant to be safe for them.

Question 17

Question 5(c)Some tribals depend on the jungle. How?

Accepted Answer

Tribals depend on the jungle for their livelihoods by engaging in activities such as hunting, gathering, and collecting forest resources. They rely on the forest for food, medicine, shelter, and materials for crafting tools and goods. The jungle is integral to their cultural practices and sustains their traditional way of life.

Question 18

Question 5(d)What are the causes and consequences of deforestation?

Accepted Answer

Causes of deforestation :Procuring land for cultivation.Building houses and factories.Making furniture or using wood as fuel.Forest firesSevere droughtsConsequences of deforestation:Disturbance in biodiversityGlobal warmingClimate changeFloods and droughtsDesertification of soilSoil erosion

Question 19

Question 5(e)What is Red Data Book?

Accepted Answer

Red Data Book is the source book which keeps a record of all the endangered animals and plants. Red Data Book is maintained internationally by an organisation. India also maintains Red Data Book for plants and animals found in India.

Question 20

Question 5(f)What do you understand by the term migration?

Accepted Answer

Migration is the phenomenon of movement of a species from its own habitat to some other habitat for a particular time period every year for a specific purpose like breeding.

Conservation of Plants and Animals