Differentiate between members of each of the following pairs with reference to what is asked in brackets.
(a) Myopia and hyperopia (type of lens used for correction)
(b) Rods and cones (sensitivity)
(c) Aqueous humour and vitreous humour (location)
(d) Near and distant accommodation (shape of lens)
(e) Dark and light adaptation (pigments which will be regenerated)
(f) Night blindness and colour blindness (sensory cells which cannot function properly)
(a) Difference between myopia and hyperopia (type of lens used for correction) —
| Myopia | Hyperopia |
|---|---|
| Myopia can be corrected by suitable concave (diverging) lens which causes the light rays to diverge before they strike the lens of the eye. | Hyperopia can be corrected by suitable convex (converging) lens. |
(b) Difference between rods and cones (sensitivity) —
| Rods | Cones |
|---|---|
| Rods are sensitive to dim light but do not respond to colour. | Cones are sensitive to bright light and are responsible for colour vision. |
(c) Difference between aqueous humour and vitreous humour (location) —
| Aqueous humour | Vitreous humour |
|---|---|
| Aqueous humour is the front chamber between the lens and the cornea. | Vitreous humour is larger cavity of the eyeball behind the lens. |
(d) Difference between near and distant accommodation (shape of lens) —
| Near accommodation | Distant accommodation |
|---|---|
| For near accommodation, the lens becomes more convex or rounded. | For distant accommodation, the lens is more flattened or thinner. |
(e) Difference between dark and light adaptation (pigments which will be regenerated) —
| Dark adaptation | Light adaptation |
|---|---|
| For dark adaptation, visual purple or rhodopsin pigment will be regenerated. | For light adaptation, visual violet or iodopsin pigment will be regenerated. |
(f) Difference between night blindness and colour blindness (sensory cells which cannot function properly) —
| Night blindness | Colour blindness |
|---|---|
| In night blindness, the rod cells cannot function properly. | In colour blindness, the cone cells cannot function properly. |