Distinguish between the following pairs:
(a) Cerebrum and cerebellum (function)
(b) Sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system (location and role)
(c) Sensory nerve and motor nerve (direction of impulse carried)
(d) Cerebrum and spinal cord (arrangement of cytons and axons of neurons)
(e) Cranial nerves and spinal nerves (number in pairs)
(f) Nerve impulse and flow of electricity (transmission and speed)
(g) Medulla oblongata and cerebellum (function)
(a) Difference between cerebrum and cerebellum (function)
| Cerebrum | Cerebellum |
|---|---|
| The cerebrum is the seat of intelligence, consciousness and will-power. It controls all voluntary actions. It enables us to think, reason, plan and memorize. | The cerebellum maintains balance of the body and coordinate muscular activity. |
(b) Difference between sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system (location and role)
| Sympathetic Nervous System | Parasympathetic Nervous System |
|---|---|
| Sympathetic nervous system is located between the neck and the waist region. | Parasympathetic nervous system is located in the head and neck region and in sacral region. |
| It prepares the body for violent action against the abnormal condition. | It is concerned with re-establishing normal conditions after the violent act is over. |
(c) Difference between sensory nerve and motor nerve (direction of impulse carried)
| Sensory Nerve | Motor Nerve |
|---|---|
| Sensory nerve brings impulses from the receptors i.e. sense organs to the brain or spinal cord. | Motor nerve carries impulse from the brain or spinal cord to effector organs such as muscles or glands. |
(d) Difference between cerebrum and spinal cord (arrangement of cytons and axons of neurons)
| Cerebrum | Spinal Cord |
|---|---|
| The grey matter containing cytons lies in the cortex (outer region) while the white matter containing axons lies in the medullary region (inner region). | The grey matter containing cytons lies in the medullary region i.e. inner side while the white matter containing axons lies in the cortex i.e. the outer region. |
(e) Difference between cranial nerves and spinal nerves (number in pairs)
| Cranial Nerves | Spinal Nerves |
|---|---|
| There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves. | There are 31 pairs of spinal nerves. |
(f) Difference between nerve impulse and flow of electricity (transmission and speed)
| Nerve impulse | Flow of electricity |
|---|---|
| Here, neither any substance nor any electrons or ions move along the nerve fibre. | Here, electrons actually move along the wire. |
| Nerve impulses travel at a speed of about 100 metres per second. | Electricity is conducted at a speed of about 150,000 km per second. |
(g) Difference between medulla oblongata and cerebellum (function)
| Medulla Oblongata | Cerebellum |
|---|---|
| Medulla oblongata controls the activities of internal organs, for example, peristaltic movement of the alimentary canal, movement of breathing and many other involuntary actions. | The cerebellum maintains balance of the body and coordinates muscular activity. |