Question 1

Question 2Distinguish between the following pairs:(a) Spermatogenesis and oogenesis(b) Implantation and gestation(c) Pregnancy and parturition(d) Placenta and umbilical cord(e) Identical and fraternal twins(f) Menarche and menopause

Accepted Answer

(a) Difference between spermatogenesis and oogenesis —SpermatogenesisOogenesisIt is the process of production of sperms in seminiferous tubules of testes.Oogenesis is the process in which the ova - producing cells give rise to the mature ovum.(b) Difference between implantation and gestation —ImplantationGestationThe process of fixing of the blastocyst to the wall of the uterus/endometrium is termed implantation.The full term of the development of the embryo in the uterus is called gestation.(c) Difference between pregnancy and parturition —PregnancyParturitionIt is the state of carrying a developing embryo or a foetus within the female body.It is the act of expelling the full term foetus from the mother's uterus at the end of gestation.(d) Difference between placenta and umbilical cord —PlacentaUmbilical cordPlacenta is the intimate connection established between the foetal membranes and uterine wall permitting diffusion of nourishment from the mother's blood to that of the growing foetus and disposal of wastes from the blood of the foetus to that of the mother.It is a cord containing blood vessels which connects the placenta with the foetus.(e) Difference between identical and fraternal twins —Identical twinsFraternal twinsIdentical twins are produced by a single fertilised egg getting split into two parts during its early stages of cell division.Fraternal twins are produced by two different eggs which are released from the ovaries at a time and both got fertilised together.Identical twins are either both boys or both girls.Fraternal twins may be either both boys or both girls or one boy and one girl.(f) Difference between Menarche and Menopause —MenarcheMenopauseIt is the onset of menstruation in a young female at about the age of 13 years.It is the permanent stoppage of menstruation in females at about the age of 45 years.

Question 2

Question 6Differentiate between the primary and accessory reproductive organs.

Accepted Answer

Primary Reproductive OrgansAccessory Reproductive OrgansThe primary reproductive organs do not help in the development of baby.The accessory organs help in the growth and development of egg up to the birth of baby.The primary reproductive organs produce sex cells — the sperms and eggs.The accessory reproductive organs help in the transfer and meeting of two kinds of sex cells leading to fertilization.Example: Testes in males and Ovaries in females.Example: Penis in males, Uterus, Vagina in female.

Question 3

Question 9The period of pregnancy is called :ParturitionImplantationCopulationGestation

Accepted Answer

GestationReason — The duration between fertilization and birth of baby is called gestation period. It is 280 days in case of humans.

Question 4

Question 10The canal through which each testis descends into the scrotum just before the birth of a male baby is :AcrosomeEpididymisEfferent ductInguinal canal

Accepted Answer

Inguinal canalReason — The canal through which each testis descends into the scrotum just before the birth of a male baby is inguinal canal.

Question 5

Question 5Write one sentence each using the following terms pertaining to reproduction in humans.(i) Gestation(ii) 280 days(iii) Head first(iv) Placenta(v) After-birth(vi) Tied and cut

Accepted Answer

(i) The gestation period refers to the full term of the embryo in the uterus.(ii) In humans, the gestation period is 280 days.(iii) During parturition, the baby is pushed out by powerful contraction, head first.(iv) Placenta is the disc like structure attached to the uterine wall.(v) After about 15 minutes of birth of baby, the placenta breaks from the uterus and is expelled out as "after-birth".(vi) The umbilical cord is tied and cut after birth.

Question 6

Question 8Complete the following by filling in the blanks 1 to 5 with appropriate words:The human female gonads are ovaries. A maturing egg in the ovary is present in a sac of cells called ...............(1). As the egg grows larger, the follicle enlarges and gets filled with a fluid and is now called the ............... (2) follicle. The process of releasing the egg from the ovary is called ............... (3). The ovum is picked up by the oviductal funnel and fertilization takes place in the ...............(4). In about a week the blastocyst gets fixed in the endometrium of the uterus and this process is called ...............(5).

Accepted Answer

The human female gonads are ovaries. A maturing egg in the ovary is present in a sac of cells called follicle(1). As the egg grows larger, the follicle enlarges and gets filled with a fluid and is now called the Graafian (2) follicle. The process of releasing the egg from the ovary is called ovulation (3). The ovum is picked up by the oviductal funnel and fertilization takes place in the fallopian tube (4). In about a week the blastocyst gets fixed in the endometrium of the uterus and this process is called implantation (5).

Question 7

Question 3Given below are the names of certain stages/substances related to reproduction and found in human body. Answer the questions related to them.(a) FoetusWhere is it contained?How does it differ from embryo?(b) HyaluronidaseIs it an enzyme or simply a protein?What is its function?(c) MorulaWhat is this stage?Name the stage which comes next to it.(d) Amniotic fluidWhere is it found?What are its functions?(e) PlacentaWhat are the two sources that form placenta?Name any two main substances which pass from foetus to mother through placenta.Name any two hormones it produces.(f) ImplantationThe development stage that undergoes this process.The approximate time after fertilisation, when it occurs.

Accepted Answer

(a) Foetus —It is contained in the uterus.In foetus, limbs have appeared and resembles the humans unlike the embryo which is a growing or dividing zygote.(b) Hyaluronidase —EnzymeIt is an enzyme secreted by the sperm that allows the sperm to penetrate the egg.(c) Morula —It is the stage in the development of human embryo which consists of a spherical mass of cells.Blastocyst(d) Amniotic fluid —Between amnion and embryoThe functions of Amniotic fluid are:It protects the embryo from physical damage by jerks or mechanical shocks.Keeps an even pressure all around the embryo.Allows the foetus some restricted movement.Prevents sticking of the foetus to the amnion.(e) Placenta —Placenta is formed by two sets of minute finger like processes called the villi. One set of villi is from the uterine wall and the other set is from the allantois.Carbon dioxide and Urea pass from foetus to mother through placenta.Two hormones produced by Placenta are Progesterone and Oestrogens.(f) Implantation —BlastocystIt occurs in about 5-7 days after fertilisation.

Question 8

Question 1Given below is a diagram of two systems together in the human body.(a) Name the systems.(b) Name the parts numbered 1-10.(c) Describe the functions of the parts 3, 4, 5 and 6.(d) What will happen if the part 3 on both sides gets blocked?

Accepted Answer

(a) Excretory system and Female Reproductive system.(b) The parts numbered 1-10 are:1 → Kidney2 → Ureter3 → Fallopian Tube4 → Oviducal Funnel5 → Ovary6 → Uterus7 → Urinary Bladder8 → Cervix9 → Vagina10 → Vulva(c) Functions of the parts are:Fallopian Tube (part 3) — The fallopian tubes carry the ovum released from the ovary to the uterus.Oviducal Funnel (part 4) — It is the funnel shaped distal end of the ovary which picks up the released ovum and pushes it further on its passage into the fallopian tube.Ovary (part 5) — Ovary produces female gametes i.e. ova.Uterus (part 6) — Uterus allows the growth and development of the embryo.(d) If fallopian tube (part 3) on both sides gets blocked, the ovum released by the ovary will not be pushed into the oviduct and hence, there will be no possibility of fertilisation.

Question 9

Question 7The diagram below represents two reproductive cells A and B. Study the same and then answer the questions that follow:(a) Identify the reproductive cells A and B(b) Name the specific part of the reproductive system where the above cells are produced.(c) Where in the female reproductive system do these cells unite?(d) Name the main hormone secreted by the (1) ovary (2) testes.(e) Name an accessory gland found in the male reproductive system and state the function of its secretion.

Accepted Answer

(a) The reproductive cells A and B are:A → OvumB → Sperm(b) Parts of the reproductive system where the above cells are produced are:Sperms are produced in the testis.The ovum is produced in the ovary.(c) The reproductive cells unite in the fallopian tubes of the female reproductive system.(d) The main hormone secreted are:Ovary → Oestrogen and progesteroneTestis →Testosterone(e) Accessory glands found in the male reproductive system along with their functions are mentioned below:Seminal vesicle — They produce a secretion which serves as a medium for the transportation of the sperms.Prostate gland — It produces an alkaline secretion which mixes with the semen and helps neutralise acid in female's vagina.Bulbo-urethral gland — They produce a secretion which serves as a lubricant.

Question 10

Question 4Match the items in column I with those in column II and write down the matching pairs (some may not match)Column IColumn II(a) Acrosome(i) An embryo which looks like human baby(b) Gestation(ii) Luteinizing hormone(c) Menopause(iii) Ovum producing cells(d) Foetus(iv) Semen(e) Oogenesis(v) Spermatozoa(f) Ovulation(vi) Complete stoppage of menstrual cycle (vii) Time taken by a fertilized egg till the delivery of baby

Accepted Answer

Column IColumn II(a) Acrosome(v) Spermatozoa(b) Gestation(vii) Time taken by a fertilized egg till the delivery of baby(c) Menopause(vi) complete stoppage of menstrual cycle(d) Foetus(i) An embryo which looks like human baby(e) Oogenesis(iii) ovum producing cells(f) Ovulation(ii) Luteinizing hormone

The Reproductive System

Descriptive Type

Multiple Choice Type

Progress Check 3

Short Answer Type

Structured Application Skill Type

Very Short Answer Type