Give balanced equations for the following:
(a) Laboratory preparation of ethyne from calcium carbide.
(b) Conversion of acetic acid to ethyl acetate.
(c) Laboratory preparation of nitric acid.
(a) CaC2calcium carbide+2H2Owater⟶C2H2ethyne+Ca(OH)2calcium hydroxide\underset{\text{calcium carbide}}{\text{CaC}_2} + \underset{\text{water}}{2\text{H}_2\text{O}} \longrightarrow \underset{\text{ethyne}}{\text{C}_2\text{H}_2} + \underset{\text{calcium hydroxide}}{\text{Ca(OH)}_2}calcium carbideCaC2+water2H2O⟶ethyneC2H2+calcium hydroxideCa(OH)2
(b) C2H5OHethanol+CH3COOHacetic acid→ΔConc. H2SO4CH3−COO−C2H5ethyl acetate+H2O\underset{\text{ethanol}}{\text{C}_2\text{H}_5\text{OH}} + \underset{\text{acetic acid}}{\text{CH}_3\text{COOH}} \xrightarrow[\Delta]{\text{Conc. H}_2\text{SO}_4} \underset{\text{ethyl acetate}}{\text{CH}_3-\text{COO}-\text{C}_2\text{H}_5} + \text{H}_2\text{O}ethanolC2H5OH+acetic acidCH3COOHConc. H2SO4Δethyl acetateCH3−COO−C2H5+H2O
(c) KNO3[conc.]+H2SO4[conc.]→<200°CKHSO4[acid salt]+HNO3\underset{[\text{conc.}]}{\text{KNO}_3} + \underset{[\text{conc.}]}{\text{H}_2\text{SO}_4} \xrightarrow{\lt 200 \degree\text{C}} \underset{[\text{acid salt}]}{\text{KHSO}_4} + \text{HNO}_3[conc.]KNO3+[conc.]H2SO4<200°C[acid salt]KHSO4+HNO3
