Q: Question 1(iii)The size of '\n' is:2 bytes4 bytes8 bytes16 bytes

2 bytesReason — In Java, \n (newline character) is a character literal. All character literals in Java, including escape sequences like \n, are stored as char data type, which occupies 2 bytes (16 bits) in memory.

Q: Question 1(x)To execute a loop 10 times, which of the following is correct?for (int i=11;i<=30;i+=2)for (int i=11;i<=30;i+=3)for (int i=11;i<20;i++)for (int i=11;i<=21;i++)

for (int i=11;i<=30;i+=2)Reason — To execute a loop 10 times, the total number of iterations should match 10, based on the condition and increment values. Let's analyse each option:1. for (int i = 11; i <= 30; i += 2)The loop starts at 11 and increments by 2.The sequence is: 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 29.This loop executes 10 times.2. for (int i = 11; i <= 30; i += 3)The loop starts at 11 and increments by 3.The sequence is: 11, 14, 17, 20, 23, 26, 29.This loop executes only 7 times, so it is incorrect.3. for (int i = 11; i < 20; i++)The loop starts at 11 and increments by 1.The sequence is: 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19.This loop executes only 9 times, so it is incorrect.4. for (int i = 11; i <= 21; i++)The loop starts at 11 and increments by 1.The sequence is: 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21.This loop executes 11 times, so it is incorrect.

Question 1

Question 1(i)Name the below structure:One dimensional arrayTwo Dimensional array with 4 rows and 5 columnsThree dimensional arrayTwo Dimensional array with 5 rows and 4 columns

Accepted Answer

Two Dimensional array with 4 rows and 5 columnsReason — A two-dimensional array is like a grid or table with rows and columns. The image shows a table with 4 rows and 5 columns.

Question 2

Question 1(ii)"Java compiled code (byte code) can run on all operating systems"— Name the feature.Robust and SecureObject OrientedPlatform IndependentMultithreaded

Accepted Answer

Platform IndependentReason — The feature of "Platform Independence" allows Java compiled code (bytecode) to run on any operating system. This is achieved through the Java Virtual Machine (JVM), which interprets the bytecode and executes it on the specific platform.

Question 3

Question 1(iii)The size of '
' is:2 bytes4 bytes8 bytes16 bytes

Accepted Answer

2 bytesReason — In Java, 
 (newline character) is a character literal. All character literals in Java, including escape sequences like 
, are stored as char data type, which occupies 2 bytes (16 bits) in memory.

Question 4

Question 1(iv)Identify the operator that gets the highest precedence while evaluating the given expression:a + b % c * d - e+%-*

Accepted Answer

%Reason — % and * have the highest precedence. Since % appears first in the expression, it takes precedence during evaluation.

Question 5

Question 1(v)Which of the following is a valid java keyword?IfBOOLEANstaticSwitch

Accepted Answer

staticReason — In Java, keywords are reserved words that have a specific meaning and purpose in the language. Keywords must always be written in lowercase. Analysing the given options:If: Incorrect because Java keywords are case-sensitive, and the correct keyword is if (in lowercase).BOOLEAN: Incorrect because the keyword in Java is boolean (in lowercase).static: Correct. static is a valid Java keyword used to declare static methods, variables, or blocks.Switch: Incorrect because the correct keyword is switch (in lowercase).

Question 6

Question 1(vi)The output of the following code is:System.out.println(Math.ceil(6.4) + Math.floor(-1-2));3.0434.0

Accepted Answer

4.0Reason — Let's evaluate the expression step by step:System.out.println(Math.ceil(6.4) + Math.floor(-1 - 2));Step 1: Evaluate Math.ceil(6.4)The ceil method rounds a number up to the nearest integer.Math.ceil(6.4) → 7.0 (as ceil returns a double).Step 2: Evaluate -1 - 2-1 - 2 = -3Step 3: Evaluate Math.floor(-3)Math.floor(-3): The floor method rounds a number down to the nearest integer.Math.floor(-3) → -3.0 (as floor also returns a double).Step 4: Add the ResultsMath.ceil(6.4) + Math.floor(-3) → 7.0 + (-3.0)Result = 4.0

Question 7

Question 1(vii)Which of the following returns a String?length()charAt(int)replace(char, char)indexOf(String)

Accepted Answer

replace(char, char)Reason — The given methods return:MethodReturnTypelength()intcharAt(int)charreplace(char, char)StringindexOf(String)int

Question 8

Question 1(viii)Which of the following is not true with regards to a switch statement?checks for an equality between the input and the case labelssupports floating point constantsbreak is used to exit from the switch blockcase labels are unique

Accepted Answer

supports floating point constantsReason — The switch statement does not support float or double constants as case labels. It supports byte, short, int, char, String and enum.

Question 9

Question 1(ix)Consider the array given below:char ch[] = {'A','E','I','O', 'U'};Write the output of the following statements:System.out.println(ch[0]*2);:65130'A'0

Accepted Answer

130Reason — The given array is:char ch[] = {'A', 'E', 'I', 'O', 'U'};Step-by-Step Execution:1. ch[0]:The element at index 0 of the array is 'A'.2. Character Multiplication in Java:In Java, a char is treated as a numeric value based on its ASCII code when used in arithmetic operations.The ASCII value of 'A' is 65.3. ch[0] * 2:Substituting ch[0] with its ASCII value:65 * 2 = 1304. Output:System.out.println(ch[0] * 2); will print 130.

Question 10

Question 1(x)To execute a loop 10 times, which of the following is correct?for (int i=11;i<=30;i+=2)for (int i=11;i<=30;i+=3)for (int i=11;i<20;i++)for (int i=11;i<=21;i++)

Accepted Answer

for (int i=11;i<=30;i+=2)Reason — To execute a loop 10 times, the total number of iterations should match 10, based on the condition and increment values. Let's analyse each option:1. for (int i = 11; i <= 30; i += 2)The loop starts at 11 and increments by 2.The sequence is: 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 29.This loop executes 10 times.2. for (int i = 11; i <= 30; i += 3)The loop starts at 11 and increments by 3.The sequence is: 11, 14, 17, 20, 23, 26, 29.This loop executes only 7 times, so it is incorrect.3. for (int i = 11; i < 20; i++)The loop starts at 11 and increments by 1.The sequence is: 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19.This loop executes only 9 times, so it is incorrect.4. for (int i = 11; i <= 21; i++)The loop starts at 11 and increments by 1.The sequence is: 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21.This loop executes 11 times, so it is incorrect.

Question 11

Question 1(xi)A single dimensional array has 50 elements, which of the following is the correct statement to initialize the last element to 100.x[51]=100x[48]=100x[49]=100x[50]=100

Accepted Answer

x[49]=100Reason — In Java, arrays use zero-based indexing, meaning the first element of the array is at index 0. For an array with n elements, the last element is at index n - 1.Given a single-dimensional array with 50 elements, the indices range from 0 to 49. Thus, the correct index for the last element is 49.

Question 12

Question 1(xii)Method prototype for the method compute which accepts two integer arguments and returns true/false.void compute (int a, int b)boolean compute (int a, int b)Boolean compute (int a,b)int compute (int a, int b)

Accepted Answer

boolean compute (int a, int b)Reason — Let's analyse the given options:void compute (int a, int b) — Incorrect because void means the method does not return any value, but the question requires the method to return true/false.boolean compute (int a, int b) — Correct because it returns a boolean value (true or false) and accepts two integer arguments.Boolean compute (int a, b) — Incorrect due to syntax error (int b is not fully declared). Also, Boolean is a wrapper class, not a primitive boolean.int compute (int a, int b) — Incorrect because the return type is int, not boolean.

Question 13

Question 1(xiii)The statement that brings the control back to the calling method is:breakSystem.exit(0)continuereturn

Accepted Answer

returnReason — The return statement in Java is used to bring the control back to the calling method. If the method has a return type other than void, the return statement also passes back a value to the calling method.

Question 14

Question 1(xiv)The default value of a boolean variable is:False0falseTrue

Accepted Answer

falseReason — In Java, the default value of a variable depends on its data type. For a boolean variable, the default value is false (in lowercase). This is because Java uses the primitive boolean type, which has only two possible values: true or false.

Question 15

Question 1(xv)The method to convert a lowercase character to uppercase is:String.toUpperCase( )Character.isUppercase( char )Character.toUpperCase( char )toUpperCase ( )

Accepted Answer

Character.toUpperCase( char )Reason — The method Character.toUpperCase(char) is used to convert a single lowercase character to its uppercase equivalent. It belongs to the Character class in Java.

Question 16

Question 1(xvi)Assertion (A): Integer class can be used in the program without calling a package.Reason (R): It belongs to the default package java.lang.Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is a correct explanation of Assertion (A)Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is not a correct explanation of Assertion(A)Assertion (A) is true and Reason (R) is falseAssertion (A) is false and Reason (R) is true

Accepted Answer

Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is a correct explanation of Assertion (A)Reason — The Integer class can indeed be used in a program without explicitly importing any package. This is because it is part of the java.lang package, which is automatically imported in every Java program by default.

Question 17

Question 1(xvii)A student executes the following code to increase the value of a variable ‘x’ by 2.He has written the following statement, which is incorrect.x = +2;
What will be the correct statement?A. x +=2;B. x =2;C. x = x +2;Only AOnly CAll the threeBoth A and C

Accepted Answer

Both A and CReason — The student's code x = +2; is incorrect because it doesn't actually increment x by 2. Instead, it simply assigns the value +2 to x.The correct way to increment the value of x by 2 is:Option A: x += 2;This is shorthand for x = x + 2; and correctly increments x by 2.Option C: x = x + 2;This is the full, explicit version of incrementing x by 2. It is also correct.Option B: x = 2;This assigns 2 to x, which is not incrementing its value. Hence, this is incorrect.

Question 18

Question 1(xviii)The statement used to find the total number of Strings present in the string array String s[] is:s.lengths.length()length(s)len(s)

Accepted Answer

s.lengthReason — In Java, arrays have a property called length, which gives the total number of elements in the array. This applies to any type of array, including arrays of Strings.For a string array String s[], the correct way to get the number of elements is:s.lengthAnalysing other options:s.length():Incorrect. The length() method is used for String objects to get the number of characters in a String, not for arrays.length(s):Incorrect. This is not a valid syntax in Java.len(s):Incorrect. Java does not have a function called len() for arrays or strings.

Question 19

Question 1(xix)Consider the following program segment in which the statements are jumbled, choose the correct order of statements to swap two variables using the third variable.void swap(int a, int b)
{	
  a = b;      → (1)
  b = t;      → (2)
  int t = 0;  → (3)
  t = a;      → (4)
}(1) (2) (3) (4)(3) (4) (1) (2)(1) (3) (4) (2)(2) (1) (4) (3)

Accepted Answer

(3) (4) (1) (2)Reason — To swap two variables a and b using a third variable t, the correct sequence of statements is:Step 1: Declare and initialize the third variable t.int t = 0;  // (3)Step 2: Assign the value of a to t.t = a;  // (4)Step 3: Assign the value of b to a.a = b;  // (1)Step 4: Assign the value of t (original value of a) to b.b = t;  // (2)Correct Order:int t = 0;  // (3)
t = a;      // (4)
a = b;      // (1)
b = t;      // (2)

Question 20

Question 1(xx)Assertion (A): An argument is a value that is passed to a method when it is called.Reason (R): Variables which are declared in a method prototype to receive values are called actual parametersBoth Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is a correct explanation of Assertion (A)Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is not a correct explanation of Assertion(A)Assertion (A) is true and Reason (R) is falseAssertion (A) is false and Reason (R) is true

Accepted Answer

Assertion (A) is true and Reason (R) is falseExplanation — Arguments are the actual values passed to a method when it is invoked. For example:void exampleMethod(int x) { ... }  
exampleMethod(5);  // Here, 5 is the argument.Hence, Assertion (A) is true.The variables declared in a method prototype (or header) to receive values are called formal parameters, not actual parameters. For example:void exampleMethod(int x) {  // x is the formal parameter
    System.out.println(x);
}
exampleMethod(5);  // 5 is the actual parameterHence, Reason (R) is false.

Solved 2025 Specimen Paper ICSE Class 10 Computer Applications