Question 1

Question 1How is energy obtained?

Accepted Answer

Energy is obtained from conventional sources like Coal, Petroleum, Natural gas, Hydel power, Thermal power, Nuclear power; and non-conventional energy sources like solar, wind, biogas, tidal, geothermal etc.

Question 2

Question 2How do we classify energy?

Accepted Answer

The energy can be classified (on the basis of source) as follows:Conventional energy: These are of following typesCoalPetroleumNatural GasHydel powerThermal powerNuclear powerNon-conventional energy: These are of following typesSolarWindBiogasTidalGeothermal

Question 3

Question 3Where is coal got from?

Accepted Answer

Coal is a fossil fuel that is extracted from the ground using mining techniques. The common methods of coal extraction are surface mining and underground mining. Surface mining is used to obtain coal from deposits closer to the earth's surface. Underground mining is used to extract coal that is deep beneath the earth's surface.

Question 4

Question 4Why is coal often referred to as 'black gold'?

Accepted Answer

Coal is a valuable and abundant natural resource that has played an important role in the economic development of many countries. It has been used to power everything from steam engines to electricity-generating power plants to iron and steel manufacturing plants. To highlight the valuable nature of coal and its impact on society and industry, it is referred to as 'black gold'.

Question 5

Question 5Write in brief about the origin of coal.

Accepted Answer

Coal is formed from the remains of ancient plants and animals that died millions of years ago and were buried under layers of sediment. Over time, the heat and pressure from the sediment caused the remains to change into different types of coal, such as Anthracite, Bituminous, Lignite and Peat.

Question 6

Question 6Give the different varieties of coal. Which do you think is the best variety? Why?

Accepted Answer

The different varieties of coal are:AnthraciteBituminousLignitePeatThe best variety of coal is Anthracite because it contains 80% carbon and thus provide more energy on burning.

Question 7

Question 7Name the main coal-bearing areas of India.

Accepted Answer

The main coal-bearing areas of India are Jharkhand, Odisha, West Bengal and Madhya Pradesh.

Question 8

Question 8List the state-wise distribution of coal.

Accepted Answer

The state-wise distribution of coal is listed below:Jharkhand — Jharkhand has the largest reserves of coal (33.53%) in India. The main coal fields are Jharia, Bokaro, Giridih, Hazaribagh and Karanpura.Chattisgarh — The main coal field is Korba.Odisha — The main coal fields are Talcher and Sambalpur.Madhya Pradesh — Singrauli and Sholapur are the main coal fields. Others are Pench valley and Shahdol.West Bengal — has about 18% of India's coal reserves. Ranigunj is the main coal field.Maharashtra — Wardha valley, Mahapari, Kamptee Unrer and Chandrapur.Telangana — SingreniTamil Nadu — Neyveli

Question 9

Question 9Which state ranks first in the Gondwana coal?

Accepted Answer

Jharkhand ranks first in the Gondwana coal. It has 33.53% of total coal in India.

Question 10

Question 10Name three important states which form the tertiary coal distribution.

Accepted Answer

Three important states which form the tertiary coal distribution are Kashmir, Assam and Arunachal Pradesh.

Question 11

Question 11Name any three major problems of coal mining industry.

Accepted Answer

Three major problems of coal mining industry are:Destruction of Forest — Digging of Coal may destroy forest areas that serve as wildlife habitat. It affects the ecosystem and biodiversity.Need of extensive transportation — Transportation requires huge infrastructure. Building transportation facilities destroys the landscape and increase pollution due to emissions of various vehicles.Impact on miners' health — Underground mining is prone to cave-ins and explosions. The health of the people living close to the mines is at risk. Constant exposure to harmful gases can lead to respiratory diseases, lung cancer, black lung due to coal dust and congestive heart failure.

Question 12

Question 12List any two ways by which one can conserve coal.

Accepted Answer

Two ways by which one can conserve coal are:We should find alternative and renewable source to coal.Saving energy by turning off appliances when not in use.

Question 13

Question 13Where is petroleum obtained from?

Accepted Answer

Petroleum is obtained from sedimentary rocks of the earth. Petroleum is taken out from On-shore oil-fields and Off-shore oil-fields.

Question 14

Question 14Name the two most important areas of petroleum oil.

Accepted Answer

The two most important areas of petroleum are:Offshore sea at Mumbai High, Bassein and Aliabet.Digboi, Naharkatiya, Rudra Sagar and Nunmati in Assam.

Question 15

Question 15Name a few important oil fields of North East India.

Accepted Answer

A few important oil fields of North East India are Digboi, Moran, Rudrasagar, etc.

Question 16

Question 16Name a few important oil fields of West India.

Accepted Answer

A few important oil fields of West India are Ankleshwar, Kalol, Mehsana, Dholaka, etc.

Question 17

Question 17Why is Mumbai High considered to be major oil bearing site in India?

Accepted Answer

Mumbai High is considered to be major oil bearing site in India because it produces more than one-third crude oil output of India.

Question 18

Question 18How many oil refineries do we have in India?

Accepted Answer

There are 23 operational oil refineries in India.

Question 19

Question 19Name a few problems of natural gas.

Accepted Answer

A few problems of natural gas are:It creates green house emission like other fossil fuels.It cannot be used at large scale.It is highly volatile and can be dangerous if handled or transported carelessly.It is colorless, odorless and tasteless which makes its leak detection difficult.Lack of required compression and transport facilities leads to flaring of gas. It may occur due to lack of technical help for operational safety.

Question 20

Question 20Name the different types of electricity.

Accepted Answer

The different type of electricity depending upon the raw material used for production are:HydroelectricityThermal ElectricityNuclear Electricity

Mineral and Energy Resources — II