Question 1

Question 1(b)What is the difference between metallic and non-metallic minerals?

Accepted Answer

Metallic mineralsNon-metallic mineralsMetallic minerals are minerals in which metal elements are present in their raw form.Non-metallic minerals do not contain any metal substances in them.Metallic minerals are usually found in igneous and metamorphic rock formations.Non-metallic minerals are often found embedded in young fold mountains and sedimentary rocks.Metallic minerals are good conductors of electricity as well as heat.Non-metallic minerals are basically good insulators of electricity and heat.Metallic minerals have high malleability and ductility.Non-metallic minerals lack malleability and ductility and these minerals break down easily.Metallic minerals generally have lustre.Non-metallic minerals do not have any shine or lustre.

Question 2

Question 1(d)(i) Name the best quality of iron ore.(ii) Name two states where it is found.

Accepted Answer

(i) Magnetite is the best quality of iron ore.(ii) It is found in Tamil Nadu and Karnataka.

Question 3

Question 2(a)What type of mineral is copper? Name any two states where copper is found in India.

Accepted Answer

Copper is a non-ferrous metal. It is found in Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan.

Question 4

Question 2(b)State two uses of aluminium.

Accepted Answer

Aluminium is used in aircrafts and automobiles.

Question 5

Question 2(c)Give a reason for each of the following:(i) Manganese is an important raw material in the iron and steel industry.(ii) Bauxite is used in electrical equipment industry.(iii) Raw iron needs to be alloyed in order to be useful in construction and automobile industry.

Accepted Answer

(i) Manganese is an important raw material in the iron and steel industry because it is used to make steel tough and resistant to rusting.(ii) Bauxite is used in electrical equipment industry because it is a good conductor of electricity.(iii) Raw iron needs to be alloyed in order to be useful in construction and automobile industry because raw iron by itself is not as strong and hard as needed for construction and automobile industry.

Question 6

Question 2(d)Bauxite is an oxide of which metal? Where are the deposits of Bauxite found in India?

Accepted Answer

Bauxite is an oxide of aluminium. The deposits of Bauxite are found in Goa, Odisha, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Chattisgarh, Jharkhand, Maharashtra, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu.

Question 7

Question 3(a)How is brass and bronze made? State two uses of copper.

Accepted Answer

Copper is alloyed with zinc to form brass and with tin to make bronze.Two uses of copper are-It is used in building construction for roofing and plumbing.It is used in ship-building industry.

Question 8

Question 3(b)Name two leading states producing manganese. State two industrial uses of manganese.

Accepted Answer

Two leading states producing manganese are Karnataka and Odisha.Two industrial uses of manganese are-It is an important raw material for the iron and steel industry.It is used in chemical industries for manufacturing bleaching powder.

Question 9

Question 3(c)Give a reason for each of the following:(i) Magnetite is so called.(ii) Copper is used for making electric wires.(iii) Manganese and Copper are metallic minerals with different properties.

Accepted Answer

(i) Magnetite is so called because it possesses magnetic property.(ii) Copper is used for making electric wires because it is a good conductor of electricity, highly malleable and ductile.(iii) Manganese is a ferrous mineral while Copper is a non-ferrous mineral. They have a distinct composition and hence, different physical and chemical properties.

Question 10

Question 3(d)(i) Name two characteristics of iron ore deposits in India that facilitate their optimum use in the iron and steel plants.(ii) Name two industries that require iron ore as raw material.

Accepted Answer

(i) Two characteristics of iron ore deposits in India that facilitate their optimum use in the iron and steel plants are-Iron ore deposits occur as hill masses and are easily accessible.They are found in close proximity to the areas producing coal, dolomite, limestone and manganese.(ii) Two industries that require iron ore as raw material are iron and steel industries.

Question 11

Question 4(a)Mineral resources are richly distributed on the earth though unevenly distributed in India. They are exhaustible and non-renewable and need to be used judiciously. They have a huge impact on environment and economy.State the environmental impact of mining and minerals use.

Accepted Answer

Following are the environmental impacts of mining and mineral use:Deforestation and Loss of BiodiversitySoil Erosion and Land DegradationAir and Water PollutionHealth HazardsFormation of Mine WastelandsClimate Change contribution

Question 12

Question 4(b)In regard to ferrous metals, state the economic uses of any one mineral studied by you.

Accepted Answer

Economic Uses of Iron Ore —About 90 per cent of iron ore is used to make steel. Raw iron by itself is not as strong and hard as needed for construction and other purposes. So it is alloyed with other elements to strengthen and harden it, making it useful for construction, automobiles and other forms of transportation such as trucks, trains and train tracks.Powdered iron is used in manufacturing metallurgy products, magnets, high frequency cores, auto parts and catalysts.Radioactive iron (iron is 59 per cent) is used in medicine as tracer element and in biochemical and metallurgical research.Iron blue is used in paints, printing inks, plastics, cosmetics (eye shadow), artist colours, laundry blue, paper dyeing, fertilizer ingredient, baked enamel finishes for autos and appliances and industrial finishes.Black iron oxide is used as pigment in polishing compounds, metallurgy, medicine, and magnetic inks.

Question 13

Question 4(c)What are the different methods to conserve minerals?

Accepted Answer

The different methods to conserve minerals are as follows:Judicious and Planned Use – Minerals should be extracted and used carefully to minimize wastage.Recycling of Minerals – Used metals like iron, copper, and aluminum should be recycled to reduce the need for fresh mining.Use of Substitutes – Alternative materials should be used wherever possible to reduce mineral consumption.Improved Mining Techniques – Advanced methods should be used to extract minerals efficiently and reduce losses.Reclamation of Mined Areas – After mining, the land should be restored and rehabilitated to conserve mineral resources.Government Regulations – Strict policies should be enforced to prevent over-extraction and promote conservation.

Question 14

Question 4(d)With reference to the picture answer the following questions:(i)	Which ore is used to manufacture the object in the picture?(ii) Which qualities of the ore make it suitable for this purpose?

Accepted Answer

(i) Bauxite.(ii) Aluminium is extracted from Bauxite and Aluminium being light weight, strong and rust-resistant makes it suitable for building aircrafts.

Question 15

Question 17Which of the following is a principal combination in which copper occurs in nature?SulphidesOxidesCarbonateAll of the above.

Accepted Answer

All of the above

Question 16

Question 18............... is a good conductor of electricity, highly malleable and ductile.CopperIronBauxiteMica

Accepted Answer

Copper

Question 17

Question 1You have to prepare a feasibility report for establishing mineral based industries in your state? Which industries would you recommend? Give reasons to support your answer.

Accepted Answer

I would recommend developing iron and steel industry in my state because of the following reasons:My state has adequate deposits of iron ore, coal, dolomite, limestone and manganese. This will cut down importing costs.The area is well connected by roads and railways. Thus transportation will be hassle free.Labour at reasonable wages can be employed from nearby areas.Availability of a nearby port will facilitate export of finished products.

Question 18

Question 3Minerals are exhaustible over time. Make a list of household items that could be reused by repairing, recycling or refurbishing and the benefits of doing so.

Accepted Answer

The household items that could be reused by repairing, recycling or refurbishing are as follows:Furniture — Old or damaged furniture can be repaired or refurbished instead of being thrown away.Clothing — Clothes that are ripped or worn can often be repaired or repurposed into something new like cloth bags, pillow covers, bags or quilts etc. They can also be used as cleaning rags.Cardboard boxes — They can be reused for storage or as a makeshift drawer divider.Plastic containers — They can be reused for storing leftovers, packing lunch boxes, or as planters for small plants.Electronics — Many electronics can be repaired instead of being replaced.Kitchenware — Items such as pots, pans, and dishes can often be repaired instead of being thrown away.Garden tools — Many garden tools can be repaired or refurbished instead of being thrown away.The benefits of repairing, recycling or refurbishing household items are as follows:Environmental benefits — Repairing, recycling, or refurbishing items reduces waste in landfills and conserves natural resources.Cost savings — Repairing or refurbishing items can save money on buying new items.Preservation of sentimental value — Repairing or refurbishing sentimental items such as furniture or toys can preserve their sentimental value and memories.Skills development — Repairing items can develop valuable DIY skills and knowledge.Contribution to the circular economy — By repairing, recycling, or refurbishing items, you are contributing to the circular economy, where resources are kept in use for as long as possible.

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