Question 1

Question 38Study the images given below and answer the questions that follow.(a) Which textile industry is associated with the given images?(b) Name the state where this industry is thriving.

Accepted Answer

(a) The textile industry associated with the given images showing sericulture, is the Silk Industry.(b) Silk industry is thriving in Karnataka.

Question 2

Question 39Map sheet no. G43S7: Eastings 29 to 38 and Northings 85 to 94.Why are covered tanks found in many places of the map extract? Give two reasons.

Accepted Answer

Covered tanks are found in many places of the map extract for the following reasons:Water Storage in Scarce or Seasonal Rain Areas — Covered tanks help store rainwater and prevent evaporation, especially in regions where rainfall is seasonal or water is not available year-round. This ensures a steady supply of water even during dry months.Hygienic Water Supply — Covered tanks protect water from contamination by dust, animals, and debris, making them useful for drinking and domestic use in villages and towns.

Question 3

Question 40Map sheet no. G43S7: Eastings 29 to 38 and Northings 85 to 94.Why does most of the area have cart tracks?

Accepted Answer

Most of the area in the map shows cart tracks due to following reasons:It is an underdeveloped village area where agriculture is the main occupation.Underdeveloped rural areas don't have developed industries, hence no need for heavy vehicles and paved roads.Lack of infrastructure development leads to people using bullock carts, handcarts, etc. for transporting goods from place to place.

Question 4

Question 41Map sheet no. G43S7: Eastings 29 to 38 and Northings 85 to 94.How much time shall be taken for a person if he is moving from Northings 85 to 94 in a straight line at a speed of 1 km per hour?

Accepted Answer

It will take 9 hours for a person to move from Northings 85 to 94 in a straight line at a speed of 1 km per hour.

Question 5

Question 42Map sheet no. G43S7: Eastings 29 to 38 and Northings 85 to 94.Name the most important occupation of the people living in this area, giving a reason for the same.

Accepted Answer

The most important occupation of the people living in this area is agriculture as most of the area is in yellow colour, which indicates cultivated land or agricultural areas.

Question 6

Question 43India has had a history of famines because of rainfed agriculture and rapid population growth. After the era of the Green Revolution that began in the 1960s, India never experienced a famine-like situation; it did, however, experience a drought of the century in 1987. Northern states (Punjab, Haryana and western UP) with a high level of irrigation are contributing almost all of wheat and two-thirds of rice to the central pool of India.Source: Hira, G.S., Water Management in Northern States and the Food Security of India, Journal of Crop Improvement.(a) Mention any two methods of irrigation commonly practised in the Northern Plains of India.(b) For each method mentioned, state why it is popular here.

Accepted Answer

(a) Two methods of irrigation commonly practised in the Northern Plains of India are — Tubewell and Canal irrigation.(b) Tubewell Irrigation — Due to availability of plentiful underground water, Tubewell irrigation is commonly practiced in the Northern Plains of India.Canal Irrigation — Due to presence of perennial rivers like the Ganga, Yamuna, and their tributaries, the Northern Plains of India have an elaborate system of canals.

Question 7

Question 44(a) Identify the method of irrigation depicted in the picture.(b) Why is it so named?

Accepted Answer

(a) The method of irrigation depicted in the given picture is Drip Irrigation.(b) Drip Irrigation is so named because it delivers water slowly and directly to the roots of plants in the form of 'drips', by perforated pipes placed between the rows of crops.

Question 8

Question 45(a) Name the method by which the paddy is being sown in the picture above.(b) Give two reasons to explain why this method of rice cultivation is restricted only to the prosperous farmers of the country.

Accepted Answer

(a) The paddy is being sown in the given picture by Transplantation method.(b) Two reasons due to which Transplantation method of rice cultivation is restricted only to the prosperous farmers of the country are as follows:High Labour Cost — Transplantation requires a large number of labourers for preparing nurseries, uprooting seedlings, and replanting them in the main field. Hiring this labour involves significant expense, which only well-off farmers can afford.Access to Irrigation Facilities — This method needs controlled irrigation at various stages of growth. Prosperous farmers usually have better access to reliable water sources like tube wells or canal irrigation, which is essential for successful transplantation.

Question 9

Question 46The global food system is facing immense challenges in the 21st century with climate change, population growth and malnutrition. Recognising the potential of millets in addressing current global challenges, the United Nations General Assembly declared 2023 as the International Year of Millets. This global campaign is designed to raise awareness about the benefits of millet and encourage actions to increase their production, consumption, and utilisation.Source: International Journal of Plant & Soil Science- Volume 35, Issue 18, Page 1860-1871, 2023.State two ways in which the cultivation of millets can help promote sustainable agriculture.

Accepted Answer

Two ways in which the cultivation of millets can help promote sustainable agriculture are:Millets grow well in dry areas and require very little water compared to crops like rice and wheat. This helps in conserving water resources, especially in drought-prone regions.Millets are hardy crops that can grow in poor soil with little to no use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. This reduces soil pollution and promotes healthier farming practices.

Question 10

Question 47“A small sugarcane farmer in western Uttar Pradesh, Shri Raghuvir Singh, is getting on with age and is thinking of selling his land and moving out of farming. He has two sons, both graduates and working in Gurgaon. He did not make his sons farmers because farming is hard work and is non-profitable. This is the story of most farmers in India. Wealth and security of the country comes from its land, and hence, what is needed is sustainable and high productivity agriculture.”Source: Chaudhuri, Sriroop, et al. "Land degradation–desertification in relation to farming practices in India: An overview of current practices and agro-policy perspectives." Sustainability 15.8 (2023)(a) High productivity in agriculture will help boost our country's industrial sector. Explain.(b) Enumerate two major problems encountered by a majority of India’s farming community.

Accepted Answer

(a) The agriculture sector provides raw materials to agro-based industries like sugar industry, cotton, jute and textiles industries, tea and coffee industries. Hence, high productivity in agriculture means higher availability of raw material for such industries.(b) Two major problems faced by majority of India’s farming community are:Small Landholdings — Most Indian farmers have very small plots of land, making it difficult to adopt modern and mechanized farming methods, leading to low productivity.Lack of Irrigation Facilities — Many farmers still depend on unpredictable monsoon rains. Inadequate irrigation infrastructure limits the ability to grow multiple crops or maintain consistent yields.

Question 11

Question 48“Road transport is the primary means of transport in India”. Explain the statement by mentioning two suitable advantages of road transport.

Accepted Answer

Two suitable advantages of Road Transport are:Roads link every nook and corner of the country.The cost of road construction is lower than that of railways.

Question 12

Question 49How do manganese and copper differ in nature, even though both are metallic minerals?

Accepted Answer

Manganese is a ferrous mineral which is hard, heavy and bulky, and is an important raw material in Iron and Steel industry. Whereas copper is a non-ferrous mineral, lighter than manganese and is known for its high electrical conductivity.

Question 13

Question 50Manganese is roughly similar to iron's physical and chemical properties but is harder and more brittle.Based on the properties of manganese mentioned in the above statement:(a) In which industry is this mineral widely used?(b) What is its role in that industry?

Accepted Answer

(a) Manganese is widely used in the Iron and Steel Industry.(b) Manganese is an important raw material for smelting of iron ore and also used for manufacturing ferro alloys. It is also used to make steel tough and resistant to rusting.

Question 14

Question 51(a) What does "CNG" seen in the below picture mean?(b) Give a reason why "CNG" is being used in auto rickshaws these days.

Accepted Answer

(a) "CNG" in the given picture refers to 'Compressed Natural Gas'. It's a form of natural gas that is compressed under high pressure, making it easier to store and transport.(b) CNG is being used in auto rickshaws because it is generally considered a cleaner and more efficient fuel alternative compared to petrol or diesel. It produces fewer harmful emissions like carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, and nitrogen oxides, helping reduce air pollution, especially in crowded urban areas.

Question 15

Question 52Map sheet no. G43S7: Eastings 29 to 38 and Northings 85 to 94.What does “dep” signify in grid square 3390? Name the agent responsible for it.

Accepted Answer

"Dep" in grid square 3390 signifies a depression or low-lying area that is lower than its surroundings. The agent responsible for "dep" is wind (wind erosion).

Question 16

Question 53Map sheet no. G43S7: Eastings 29 to 38 and Northings 85 to 94.Mention two reasons that have led to the development of Dantiwada as the largest settlement in the given map.

Accepted Answer

Two reasons that have led to the development of Dantiwada as the largest settlement in the given map are:Availability of water sources — Dantiwada proximity to a river provides water for drinking, irrigation, and daily use, which supports agriculture and human settlement.Transport facility — Presence of road network (like cart tracks and roads) connects Dantiwada with nearby areas, making transportation and communication easier.

Question 17

Question 54“Heatwave days highest in April in 15 years in Gangetic West Bengal.”Source: IMDMention two probable reasons for the above statement.

Accepted Answer

Two probable reasons for the highest number of heatwave days in April in Gangetic West Bengal in 15 years could be:El-Nino effect leads to reduced cloud cover and rainfall, resulting in higher temperatures and more frequent heatwaves.Global warming leads to higher average temperatures, which in turn increases the likelihood and severity of heat waves.

Question 18

Question 55Give reasons:(a) Rituja frequently travels between Bengaluru and Chennai and notices that the number of wet days is higher in Chennai than in Bengaluru.(b) The number of tropical cyclones experienced in the Bay of Bengal is more than in the Arabian Sea.

Accepted Answer

(a) Chennai is located on the Coromandel Coast (Tamil Nadu) and receives most rainfall from the Northeast Monsoon and the Retreating Monsoon. Bengaluru, located inland in Karnataka, primarily receives rainfall from the Southwest Monsoon. Hence, Chennai has more wet days than Bengaluru.(b) Tropical cyclones are more common in the Bay of Bengal than in the Arabian Sea because the Bay of Bengal is surrounded by land that traps heat. Due to this, the Bay of Bengal has warmer sea surface temperatures, which provide more moisture and energy for cyclone formation.

Short Answer Questions