Very Short Answer Questions: Source-based

If the resolution is passed with majority in the Lok Sabha, the Speaker will have to vacate the office.

In the above case, the resolution would not have passed as the Opposition (Congress) lacked majority.

The Speaker of the Lok Sabha can suspend the members from the Lok Sabha. One probable circumstance for suspension is lack of discipline.

No, the Centre cannot remove High Court judges. They can be removed only by the President through impeachment on grounds of proved misbehaviour or incapacity, with a two-thirds majority in both Houses of Parliament. This ensures judicial independence.

Significant Outcomes of the Lucknow Pact 1916 —

1. Hindus and Muslims, and Early and Assertive Nationalists got united and started working together which demoralised the British Government of India.
2. The Pact led to the gradual development of Self-Governing Institutions.

Ilbert Bill (1883) is being referred to in the above passage. This bill provided for the trial of British or European persons by Indians. By this act, the British tried to introduce equality between British and Indian judges in India.

The social reformer being talked about is Jyotiba Phule. He established the Satya Shodhak Samaj in 1873 with the aim of securing social justice for the weaker sections of society.

(a) The event associated with the above-mentioned slogan is Simon Commission.

(b) Indian leaders boycotted the Commission because it had no Indian members, which was seen as a denial of self-determination and an insult to the self-respect of the Indians. Major political parties, including the Congress, Muslim League, and Hindu Mahasabha, opposed it.

Two reasons for the acceptance of the Mountbatten Plan were:

1. Large scale communal riots engulfed the whole country. The only solution to the communal problem was the Partition of India.
2. The only alternative to Partition was a Federation with a weak centre. A smaller India with a strong central authority was better than a bigger state with a weak centre.

Some of the slogans given by Subhash Chandra Bose were:

1. Give me blood and I shall give you freedom.
2. Chalo Delhi.
3. Jai Hind

Two functions of UNICEF are:

1. To protect children in respect of their survival, health and well-being.
2. To prevent diseases like TB, Malaria, Eye disease, skin disease, etc.

The big three are:

1. Roosevelt (President of the USA)
2. Churchill (Prime Minister of Britain)
3. Stalin (Premier of the USSR).

They led the formation of United Nations Organisation (U.N.O.) on October 24, 1945.

The dictators depicted in the given picture are Benito Mussolini of Italy and Adolf Hitler of Germany. They promoted the ideologies of Fascism and Nazism respectively.

Similarities between the ideologies of Fascism and Nazism —

1. To have faith in the totalitarian rule.
2. To despise democratic political systems.
3. To hold that the state is supreme and it could suppress the fundamental rights and freedoms of individuals.
4. To uphold one party and one leader.
5. To believe in aggressive nationalism and imperialism.
6. To regard war as an instrument for furthering national interests.
7. To uphold intensely nationalistic, anti-communist, anti-democratic rule.

I agree with Kiran's statement.

While Priscila compares the Prime Minister to a king, this is not accurate in a democratic parliamentary system like India’s. The Prime Minister is not an absolute ruler, but functions within the framework of the Constitution and the collective responsibility of the Cabinet.

As Lord Morley rightly described, the Prime Minister is the ‘primus inter pares’ (first among equals) among the Council of Ministers. He or she is the head of the Union Government, leads the Cabinet, coordinates the work of various ministries, and plays a key role in policymaking. However, all decisions are made collectively by the Cabinet, and the Prime Minister must maintain the confidence of the Lok Sabha.

Thus, the Prime Minister of India has a leading role but cannot act unilaterally like a king.

'Habeas Corpus' means 'to have the body', i.e., the arrested minister would be presented before the Madras High Court by the Enforcement Directorate. The High Court will justify the legality of the arrest and detention. If the Court finds that the due procedure was not followed, or that the detention is illegal, the detained minister would be immediately released.

The Supreme Court and High Courts are authorised to issue 'Habeas Corpus'.

The picture highlights the problem of delayed justice due to immense workload of the Courts. This problem can be addressed through Subordinate Courts, especially Lok Adalats. Lok Adalats offer speedy justice and cost-effective dispute resolution. They handle a large volume of civil and criminal cases and reduce workload on higher courts.