Question 1

Question 4(A) One of the objectives of NAM is to oppose the use of force and the use of nuclear weapons.(R) NAM did not make any substantial efforts to prevent war between Russia and Ukraine or Israel and Palestine.(R) contradicts (A)(R) is the reason for (A)(A) is true but (R) is false.(A) and (R) are independent of each other.

Accepted Answer

(A) is true but (R) is falseExplanation — NAM opposes war and nuclear weapons, which aligns with their goal of promoting peace.In the 19th Non-Aligned Movement Summit held in January 2024 in Kampala, Uganda, NAM condemned both Russia Ukraine War and Israel Palestine War and made an appeal for restoration of peace. However, its effectiveness has been limited and NAM hasn't been successful in stopping these wars.

Question 2

Question 6Which of the following became the guidelines for NAM?Communist ManifestoThe UN CharterPanchsheelWarsaw pact

Accepted Answer

Panchsheel

Question 3

Question 7The Non-aligned Movement, founded in 1961 at the height of the Cold War, has membership of 120 countries — 53 from Africa; 39 from Asia; 26 from Latin America and the Caribbean; and 2 from Europe. What does Non-alignment mean?Non-membership to military blocsNon-alignment to power blocsActive participation in international issuesAll of the above.

Accepted Answer

All of the above.

Question 4

Question 5What was Pt. Nehru's view about non-alignment? What did Pt. Nehru do to curb the mad race for armaments?

Accepted Answer

Pt. Nehru advocated mutual respect for the sovereignty and territorial integrity of all nations. He strongly advocated the principles of democratic socialism. His policy of non-alignment was not meant to promote a third bloc, but to ensure freedom of decision-making of the recently decolonised states.Pt. Nehru was against the mad race for armaments and called for disarmament and abolition of stockpiles of nuclear weapons. It was in pursuance of his policy of disarmament that India signed a treaty in 1963 for banning atomic tests.

Question 5

Question 1Read the excerpt given below and answer the questions that follow:'Cruel Genocidal Act': Non-aligned Movementcondemns Israel's assault on GazaThe five-day summit of NAM member states which began on 15 January, 2024 was held in Uganda, where President Yoweri Museveni officially assumed the chairmanship of the summit and the NAM for the next three years.The body "strongly condemn the illegal Israeli military aggression on the Gaza Strip, the indiscriminate attacks against Palestinian civilians, civilian objects, the forced displacement of the Palestinian population and further calls for an immediate and durable humanitarian ceasefire". It urged for the implementation of a UN Security Council resolution to allow humanitarian aid into the besieged strip.The New Arab, January 21, 2024(a)	With reference to the above excerpt, state the relevance of NAM at present.(b) Explain how Non-alignment is neither neutrality, nor isolation nor non-commitment.(c) Give any four objectives of NAM.

Accepted Answer

(a) The Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) remains highly relevant today, as seen in the 2024 Uganda Summit where it condemned Israel’s assault on Gaza and called for a humanitarian ceasefire. NAM continues to serve vital global functions:Advocacy for Peace and Human Rights – NAM opposes human rights violations and military aggression. It supports ceasefires and humanitarian aid, promoting global peace and stability.Defending Sovereignty and Justice – It stands by oppressed nations, supporting their rights and justice in international platforms like the UN.Humanitarian Concerns – NAM urges the implementation of UN resolutions and ensures relief reaches affected populations.Mediating Global Conflicts – It acts as a unified voice for developing nations, encouraging peaceful resolutions and opposing unilateral military actions.Maintaining a Balanced Global Order – NAM challenges neocolonialism and foreign interventions, protecting economic and political sovereignty.Economic Justice – NAM counters the dominance of global financial institutions like the IMF, World Bank, and WTO, which often undermine democratic processes in weaker nations.Resisting Superpower Domination – With its long-standing experience, NAM can play a key role in balancing global power dynamics, especially against U.S. dominance.(b) Non-alignment is neither neutrality, nor isolation nor non-commitment.Non-alignment is not neutral as it does not remain aloof from international problems. It actively participates in the politics among nations. So, non-alignment stands for 'action' rather than passivism.NAM is not aloof as it comes forward to help the underdeveloped and developing newly independent countries.NAM is not committed to any military blocs but maintains friendly relations with the countries of the First and the Second World.(c) Four objectives of the Non-Aligned Movement are as follows-To oppose colonialism, imperialism and racial discrimination.To advocate sovereign equality of all states,To encourage friendly relations among countries.To advocate peaceful settlement of international disputes.

Question 6

Question 2State the role of Jawaharlal Nehru under the following heads:(a) Vision in starting the NAM.(b) Curbing the mad race for armaments.(c) As the spokesman for the newly independent countries of Asia and Africa.

Accepted Answer

(a) India was the first country to initiate the policy of non-alignment, under the leadership of Nehru.Pt. Nehru was a visionary.He realised that the greatest danger to the sovereignty and integrity of India and the other newly independent nations of Asia and Africa lay in their joining any of the two power blocs.He called upon these countries to keep themselves away from the politics of two opposing camps, which had already brought about two world wars.He advocated mutual respect for the sovereignty and territorial integrity of all nations.It was Nehru, who gradually led the countries of Asia and Africa towards the concept of non-alignment.He convinced these countries that they had great moral force and with their collective efforts could exert pressure on the issues of war and peace.It was in confirmation of his views that he along with Josip Broz Tito of Yugoslavia, Gamal Abdel Nasser of Egypt, Chou En Lai of China, Ho Chi Minh of Vietnam and Kwame Nkrumah of Ghana led the Bandung Conference.The decisions taken at the Bandung Conference were given a final shape at Belgrade in 1956.Here, it was decided to form an organisation of the newly independent countries.(b) Pt. Nehru was against the mad race for armaments.He called for disarmament and abolition of stockpiles of nuclear weapons.It was in pursuance of his policy of disarmament that India signed a treaty in 1963 for banning atomic tests.(c) Nehru was acknowledged as the greatest spokesman for neutrality of Asian and African States in the Cold War era.Opposing the policy of alignment, Nehru said, "By aligning ourselves with any one power, you surrender your opinion, give up the policy you would normally pursue because somebody else wants you to pursue another policy. I do not think that it would be a right policy for us to adopt."Though Nehru was committed to western concept of liberalism and democracy, he did not approve of the military or economic alliances. He opposed these alliances as he believed that they encouraged colonialism and imperialism and were likely to produce a race for armaments.Nehru was against the philosophy advocated by the two power blocs.He was influenced by socialism. He therefore, strongly advocated the principles of democratic socialism.His policy of non-alignment was not meant to promote a third bloc, but to ensure freedom of decision-making of the recently decolonised states.Under the stewardship of Nehru, India played an important role in spreading the message of NAM. India promoted the cause of freedom of many countries of Asia and Africa which were still under foreign domination.

Question 7

Question 3Do you think NAM still has any relevance? Give your views with examples.

Accepted Answer

Yes, in present time, NAM stands for a broader objective of international peace as well as independence of foreign policy of each sovereign State. NAM continues to play a crucial role in global affairs. Its relevance today can be understood in the following ways:Advocacy for Peace and Sovereignty — NAM opposes military interventions and supports sovereignty and independence of nations.Example: In 2024, at the Uganda Summit, NAM condemned Israel's assault on Gaza and called for a humanitarian ceasefire.Balancing Global Power — NAM helps developing nations avoid dominance by any major power.Example: India follows a balanced foreign policy, engaging with both the USA and Russia while maintaining its non-aligned stance.Economic Cooperation and Development — NAM promotes economic partnerships among member states to reduce dependence on powerful nations.Example: NAM countries collaborate in economic forums to negotiate fairer trade deals and reduce reliance on Western financial institutions.Opposing Neocolonialism and Economic Exploitation — Many developing nations still face economic control by powerful countries through loans, trade restrictions, and multinational corporations.Example: NAM advocates against exploitative debt policies imposed by global financial institutions like the IMF, World Bank and WTO.Addressing Climate Change and Global Issues — NAM actively promotes climate justice, fair trade, and sustainable development.Example: NAM members played a key role in climate negotiations, pushing for developed nations to take responsibility for emissions.

Non-Aligned Movement

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