Question 1

Question 1(i)Giving examples, differentiate between Tap root and Fibrous root

Accepted Answer

Differences between Tap Root and Fibrous Root:Tap rootFibrous rootThere is one large, thick main root.There is a cluster of root of the same thickness.Penetrates deeply into the soil.Does not penetrate deeply, is shallow.Tap roots are found in dicot plants.Fibrous roots are found in monocot plants.Example — Gram, Pea.Example — Maize, Grass.

Question 2

Question 1(ii)Giving examples, differentiate between Simple leaf and Compound Leaf

Accepted Answer

Differences between Simple leaf and Compound leaf:Simple leafCompound leafLamina is undivided and is a single piece.Lamina is divided into smaller units called leaflets.Marginal incisions, if present, do not reach upto the midrib or petiole.Incisions reach upto the midrib or petiole.Example — Mango, Banana, Banyan, etc.Example — Rose, Neem, Clover, etc.

Question 3

Question 4Explain why leaf survival is so important to the plant ?

Accepted Answer

Leaf survival is so important to plants because:The leaf makes food for the plants by photosynthesis.The leaf gets rid of excess water from plants through transpiration.The leaf carries out the process of respiration in plants.The leaf helps in providing cooling effect to the plant through transpiration.

Question 4

Question 5Give an example of the following and draw generalized diagrams for the same:(i) Simple leaf and compound leaf.(ii) Parallel venation and reticulate venation.

Accepted Answer

(i) Banyan is an example of simple leaf while Rose is an example of compound leaf.Below diagram shows simple and compound leaves:(ii) Banana is an example of parallel venation while Peepal is an example of reticulate venation.Below diagram shows reticulate and parallel venation:

Question 5

Question 6Enlist some of the advantages of transpiration to green plants?

Accepted Answer

The two main advantages of transpiration to green plants are as follow:Cooling effect — The water keeps on evaporating from the leaf surface during transpiration. The heat required for evaporation of water is obtained from the plant itself and thus, the plant cools itself when it is in hot environment.Transpirational pull — The roots of the plant pull up more water from the soil to make up for the water loss during transpiration. As a result, important mineral salts, which is essential for the plant growth, are also brought along with the water from the soil.

Question 6

Question 8Explain some of the modifications of leaves found in plants?

Accepted Answer

Modifications of leaves are as follows:Leaf tendril — In case of certain weak-stemmed plants, leaves or leaflets are modified into wiry, coiled structures called tendrils. They coil around the object they touch and support the plant to climb up. E.g., Sweet Pea.Leaf spines — In some plants, leaves are modified into pointed structures called spines. Spines help to reduce water loss by transpiration. E.g., Cactus.Scale leaves — In some plants like Onion and Ginger, thick and fleshy or thin and dry scale leaves are present, respectively. Their function is to store food and protect the buds.

Question 7

Question 9What is a tendril? Explain its use to the plants?

Accepted Answer

In case of certain weak-stemmed plants, leaves or leaflets are modified into wiry, coiled structures called tendrils. They are sensitive to touch. As they touch any object, they coil around it and support the plant to climb up. E.g., Sweet pea.

Question 8

Question 10(i)Distinguish between the following pairs on the basis of the words indicated in the brackets []:Spines and scale leaves [significance]

Accepted Answer

Difference between Spines and scale leaves on the basis of significance:SpinesScale leavesSpine leaves are modified into spines to reduce water loss.Scale leaves help to store food and protect the buds.

Question 9

Question 10(ii)Distinguish between the following pairs on the basis of the words indicated in the brackets []:Vegetative and reproductive parts [parts of the plant].

Accepted Answer

Difference between Vegetative and reproductive parts on the basis of parts of the plant:Vegetative partsReproductive partsThese are non reproductive part which are involved in growth and development of the plant eg. roots, stems, leavesThese parts are involved in reproduction of plants eg. flower, seeds, fruits etc.

Question 10

Question 10(iii)Distinguish between the following pairs on the basis of the words indicated in the brackets []:Alternate and opposite phyllotaxy [number of leaves at each node].

Accepted Answer

Difference between Alternate and opposite phyllotaxy on the basis of number of leaves at each node :Alternate phyllotaxyOpposite phyllotaxyIn Alternate phyllotaxy, there is only one leaf per node and the leaves are positioned in an alternate manner along the stem.In Opposite arrangement, there are two leaves per node, positioned directly in a opposite fashion to each other.

Question 11

Question 10(iv)Distinguish between the following pairs on the basis of the words indicated in the brackets []:Pine and peepal [shape of the leaf].

Accepted Answer

Difference between Pine and peepal on the basis of shape of the leaf:PinePeepalPine leaves are long, thin, needle, scale-like, and pointed.Peepal leaves are heart shaped and broad. It generally has a long and pointed tip.

Question 12

Question 10(v)Distinguish between the following pairs on the basis of the words indicated in the brackets []:Reticulate and parallel venation [2 examples of each].

Accepted Answer

Difference between Reticulate and parallel venation on the basis of 2 examples:Reticulate venationParallel venationMango and Guava leaves are examples of Reticulate venation.Banana and Maize leaves are examples of Parallel venation.

Question 13

Question 11Draw a neat diagram of a simple, petiolate leaf showing reticulate venation and label its seven important parts. Answer the following questions:(i) Write one important function of axillary buds.(ii) What are the two main function of leaves ?(iii) Name two plants which have leaves with serrated margins.(iv) Why do some plants have tendrils (modified leaflets) ?(v) Name a plant in which the leaves are modified into spines.

Accepted Answer

Diagram:(i) One important function of axillary buds is to develop into lateral shoots or branches, contributing to the plant's overall growth and structure.(ii) The two main functions of leaves are:Photosynthesis — The process by which a plant leaf prepares or synthesises food from water and carbon dioxide in the presence of chlorophyll and sunlight is called photosynthesis.Transpiration — This is the process by which water is lost in the form of water vapour by evaporation from the surface of leaves and other aerial parts of a plant. It has a cooling effect and develops a suction force to make roots absorb more water with mineral ions.(iii) China rose and Rose.(iv) In case of certain weak-stemmed plants, leaves or leaflets are modified into wiry, coiled structures called tendrils. They are sensitive to touch. As they touch any object, they coil around it and support the plant to climb up.(v) Cactus

Question 14

Question 12The figures given below show three insectivorous plants. Study the same and answer the following questions :ABC(i) Name the plants shown as A, B and C.(ii) For which specific nutritional element do these plants trap insects ?(iii) In which Indian state is plant A found abundantly ?(iv) Which part of the leaf is modified into a pitcher in plant A ?(v) Write one specific feature of the soil in which these plants usually grow.

Accepted Answer

(i)Plant A — Pitcher PlantPlant B — BladderwortPlant C — Venus Flytrap(ii) These plants trap insects to meet their nitrogen demands.(iii) Pitcher plant is found abundantly in Meghalaya.(iv) In a Pitcher plant, the lamina is modified into a pitcher.(v) The soil where these plants usually grow is deficient in nitrates.

Question 15

Question 13The figures given alongside represent the different kinds of leaf arrangements on the stem. Study the figures and answer the following :(i) a technical term for the arrangement of leaves on the stem.(ii) Name the three kinds of arrangements shown in the figure A, B and C respectively.(iii) Give one example of each kind of arrangement.

Accepted Answer

(i) Phyllotaxy.(ii)Figure A shows Alternate phyllotaxy.Figure B shows Opposite phyllotaxy.Figure C shows Whorled phyllotaxy.(iii)An example of Alternate phyllotaxy — MintAn example of Opposite phyllotaxy — JasmineAn example of Whorled phyllotaxy — Oleander (Nerium)

Question 16

Question 14Draw neat diagrams of the following and give an example of each :(i) A simple leaf.(ii) A compound leaf with incision upto midrib.(iii) A compound leaf with incision upto petiole.(iv) A simple leaf with reticulate venation.(v) A simple leaf with parallel venation.

Accepted Answer

(i) Diagram of simple leaf:Example — Banyan(ii) Diagram of compound leaf with incision upto midrib:Example — Rose(iii) Diagram of compound leaf with incision upto petiole:Example — Silk Cotton(iv) Diagram of a simple leaf with reticulate venation:Example — Peepal(v) Diagram of a simple leaf with parallel venationExample — Banana

Question 17

Question 15Complete the crossword using the clues given below. Check your performance with the correct solutions given at the end of the chapter.Clues across :Plant that bears buds in leaves for propagation.The flattened green part of leaf.Underground plant part.Structure that develops into flower.Clues down :The central big vein of a leaf.A modification seen in cactus.

Accepted Answer

Across :1. Bryophyllum2. Lamina3. Root4. BudDown :5. Midrib6. Spine

Question 18

Question 3Mention the functions of the following:SpinesTendrilScale leaves

Accepted Answer

Spines — Spines are modifications of leaves as a pointed structure that help to reduce the loss of water by transpiration.Tendril — Incase of certain weak-stemmed plants, leaves or leaflets are modified into wiry, coiled structures called tendrils. They coil around the object they touch and support the plant to climb up.Scale Leaves — Leaves modified as thick and fleshy or thin and dry are called Scale Leaves. Their function is to store food and protect the buds.

Question 19

Question 4Define venation. What are the different types of venation found in the leaves?

Accepted Answer

Arrangement of veins in the lamina is called venation. It is mainly of two typesReticulate Venation — In this type of venation, veins and veinlets are irregularly distributed in the lamina, forming a network. Example - Mango, Peepal, etc.Parallel Venation — In this type of venation, veins run parallel to each other. Example - Banana, Maize, etc.

Question 20

Question 5Describe the modifications of leaf in any one insectivorous plant?

Accepted Answer

In Venus Flytrap, the leaves have long pointed hairs. It is divided into two parts having midrib in between like a hinge. When an insect visits the leaf, it closes its two parts and traps the insect. The insect is then digested by digestive juices secreted by the plant.

The Leaf

Long Answer Questions

Short Answer Questions