Question 1

Question 1Name the various types of animal tissues and state their functions.

Accepted Answer

The animal tissues are of following types:Epithelial Tissue— They are further classified as follows:Squamous epithelium — It protects the body and the organs from injury and entry of germs.Columnar epithelium — They are present in the linings of the stomach, intestines and pharynx. They are specialized to absorb nutrients.Cuboidal epithelium — They are found in thyroid gland, kidney tubules, salivary gland, pancreas and liver. They are specialized to secrete enzymes and hormones and remove waste (as in kidneys).Muscular tissue— They are of following types:Voluntary muscles — These muscles help in the movement of the bones.Involuntary muscles — These muscles are not under our control or will. They help in movement of food, movement of urine from urinary bladder and so on.Cardiac muscles — Cardiac muscles cause the rhythmic movement of the heart resulting in circulation of blood in the body.Nervous tissues— Nervous tissues help in the control and coordination of the body. The information or message is transmitted by a neuron in the form of impulses and in one direction only.Connective tissue— They are further classified into following types:Connective tissue proper — This tissue connects various parts of the body. It connects muscles to bones, bones to other bones and gives support by filling up spaces between the organs.Skeletal tissue — It is solid connective tissue which provide support to the body. It constitutes of bone and cartilage.Fluid connective tissue — It is the liquid connective tissue consisting of blood and lymph. It has functions like transportation of oxygen and nutrients and fighting infection.

Question 2

Question 2Explain the structure and functions of various types of epithelial tissue.

Accepted Answer

On the basis of shape of the cells, epithelial tissues are classified into three types :Squamous epithelium — The cells of squamous epithelium are flat, hexagonal or irregular in shape. These cells line the inner walls of the blood vessels, lungs, heart and oesophagus. They also form the epidermis of the skin, where they provide protection and prevent the entry of germs.Below diagram shows the structure of Squamous epithelium:Columnar epithelium — The length of the cells of Columnar epithelium appears much more than their width. The cells are placed side by sides like columns. The nucleus is present towards the base of the cell. They are present in the linings of the stomach, intestines and pharynx. They are specialized to absorb nutrients.Below diagram shows the structure of Columnar epithelium:Cuboidal epithelium — The cells of Cuboidal epithelium have almost equal height and width. The nucleus is centrally located. They are found in thyroid gland, kidney tubules, salivary gland, pancreas and liver. They are specialized to secrete enzymes and hormones and remove waste (as in kidneys).Below diagram shows the structure of Cuboidal epithelium:

Question 3

Question 3Describe the types of muscular tissue with examples.

Accepted Answer

Based on the structure and functions performed muscular tissues are of three types — Voluntary muscles, Involuntary muscles and Cardiac muscles.Voluntary muscles — These muscles are under our control or will. For example, we can control the muscles in our arms and legs when we run, walk or jump. These muscles are also called skeletal muscles as they are attached to the bones. These muscles help in the movement of the bones. The cells of these muscles are long and cylindrical with many nuclei and dark and light bands called striations. Hence, they are also called striated muscles.Involuntary muscles — They are present in the internal organs of our body like stomach, intestine, bladder etc. They are not under our control. The cells of these muscles are spindle-shaped and have only one nucleus. They do not have any bands or striations, hence these are also called unstriated muscles.Cardiac muscles — The heart is made up of special type of involuntary muscles called cardiac muscles. Cardiac muscles works continuously without getting tired. Structurally, these muscles resemble voluntary muscles . However, cardiac muscles are similar to involuntary muscles in their function.

Question 4

Question 4Describe connective tissue. How is it different from other tissues?

Accepted Answer

The connective tissue consists of cells with spaces between them. These spaces are filled with a matrix or ground substance. The living cells produce the non-living matrix, which could be a liquid (in blood), semi-solid (connective tissue proper) or solid (bone). The connective tissues join different parts of the body and provide support to them. They also fill up the space between various organs. They are further classified into following types:Connective tissue proper — This tissue connects various parts of the body. It connects muscles to bones, bones to other bones and gives support by filling up spaces between the organs.Skeletal tissue — It is solid connective tissue which provide support to the body. It constitutes of bone and cartilage.Fluid connective tissue — It is the liquid connective tissue consisting of blood and lymph. It has functions like transportation of oxygen and nutrients and fighting infection.The connective tissue is different from other tissues because it has cells that are separated from each other. The space between the cells is composed of different intercellular substances that form the matrix or ground substance.

Question 5

Question 6Cartilage

Accepted Answer

Cartilage — The highly elastic skeletal tissue that consists of a ground substance called matrix with cells is called Cartilage.

Question 6

Question 5red blood cells and white blood cells

Accepted Answer

Sl.No.Red Blood CellsWhite Blood Cells1.Red Blood Cells are red in colour due to presence of haemoglobin.White Blood Cells are colourless.2.Red Blood Cells are produced in bone marrow.White Blood Cells are produced in bone marrow as well as lymph nodes.3.Red Blood Cells carry oxygen and carbon dioxide to and from various parts of the body to the lungs.White Blood Cells fight against infections.4.Red Blood Cells are disc shape and without nucleus.White Blood Cells are irregular and have large nucleus.5.Red Blood Cells are small.White Blood Cells are larger.

Animal Tissues

Answer the following in detail

Define the following terms

Differentiate between