Question 1

Question 1(i)Distinguish between the following pairs on the basis of the words indicated in the brackets [] :Ureter and Uterus [Organ system]

Accepted Answer

Differences between Ureter and Uterus on the basis of Organ system:UreterUterusThe ureter is part of the excretory system.The uterus is part of the reproductive system.

Question 2

Question 1(v)Distinguish between the following pairs on the basis of the words indicated in the brackets [] :Urinary bladder and urethra	[Function]

Accepted Answer

Differences between Urinary bladder and urethra on the basis of function:Urinary bladderUrethraThe urinary bladder stores urine until it is ready to be expelled from the body.When the bladder is full, the urine is expelled out through the urethra.

Question 3

Question 2Draw a neat diagram of the vertical section of a human kidney and label its five important parts : Capsule, Renal cortex, Renal medulla, Papilla of medulla and Renal pelvis.

Accepted Answer

Below diagram shows the vertical section of a human kidney:

Question 4

Question 3Given alongside is the diagram of an organ system of humans. Study the same and answer the following questions :Name the organ systems shown completely and partially respectively.Label the guidelines 1 to 4.Name the muscular sheet which divides the thorax and abdomen.Mention the blood vessel which supplies blood from the heart to the kidney.Name the blood vessel which carries deoxygenated blood that is devoid of nitrogenous wastes.

Accepted Answer

In the given diagram, the organ system that is shown completely is Excretory system, and the organ system that is shown partially is Circulatory system.The guidelines 1 to 4 shows :1 → Kidney2 → Ureter3 → Urinary bladder4 → UrethraThe muscular sheet that divides the thorax and abdomen is called the diaphragm.The Renal artery supplies blood from the heart to the kidney.The renal vein carries deoxygenated blood back to the heart, which has been filtered by the kidney and is now relatively devoid of nitrogenous wastes.

Question 5

Question 4The figure shown alongside represents a process for the treatment of a person. Study the same and answer the following questions.Name the process.In what condition of the patient, is this treatment suggested by the doctors ?What other kind of treatment is suggested by the doctors, if both kidneys fail to work ?Can a person survive normally with one kidney ?Write one important function of the	Hemodialysis machine.

Accepted Answer

The process being shown in the given figure is Dialysis.When both the kidneys of a person fail, the blood soon becomes loaded with urea and other waste substances, and the person may die. In such a condition, doctors suggest the regular Dialysis treatment to filter blood through machine.If both kidneys of a person fail, then the doctors suggest Kidney transplant from a suitable donor, apart from Dialysis.Yes, a person can live a normal, healthy life with one kidney.An important function of the Hemodialysis machine is to filter and clean the blood. It removes waste products and excess fluid from the blood, acting as an artificial kidney when a person's kidneys are not functioning properly.

Question 6

Question 1(ix)The process of regulation of water and salt content in the body is called as :FiltrationOsmoregulationUltrafiltrationOsmosis

Accepted Answer

OsmoregulationReason — The process of regulation of water and salt content in the body is called Osmoregulation.

Question 7

Question 1(x)The process of expulsion of urine from the body is termed as :ExcretionSecretionUrinationNone of the above

Accepted Answer

UrinationReason — The process of expulsion of urine from the body is termed as Urination.

Question 8

Question 2Match the terms given in column A with those of column B :Column AColumn B(i) Beverages(a) Fat-soluble(ii) Vitamins B and C(b) Ammonia, Uric acid(iii) Vitamins A and D(c) Urea, Mineral salts(iv) Nitrogenous wastes(d) Tea, Coffee(v) Constituents of urine(e) Water-soluble

Accepted Answer

Column AColumn B(i) Beverages(d) Tea, Coffee(ii) Vitamins B and C(e) Water-soluble(iii) Vitamins A and D(a) Fat-soluble(iv) Nitrogenous wastes(b) Ammonia, Uric acid(v) Constituents of urine(c) Urea, Mineral salts

Question 9

Question 3Name the following:The basic structural and functional unit of kidney.The cup-shaped structure of nephron.The part of nephron which collects urine from the convoluted tubule.The process of filtration of blood through a machine, outside the human body.The disease which can be identified by the presence of glucose in the urine.The blood vessel that brings blood to the kidneys.

Accepted Answer

NephronBowman's capsuleCollecting ductDialysisDiabetes mellitusRenal artery

Question 10

Question 4Write True or False for the following statements in the spaces provided. Rewrite the false statements in correct form.Removal of solid undigested food is excretion.Medulla of kidney passes urine into urinary bladder.Excess sugar in blood is a symptom of diabetes.Urine is devoid of blood cells.

Accepted Answer

FalseCorrected statement — Removal of all kind of unwanted and toxic metabolic wastes is called excretion.FalseCorrected statement — The medulla drains the urine into a funnel-shaped structure called the renal pelvis which further passes it to the urinary bladder through ureters.TrueTrue

Question 11

Question 5Where in the urinary system do the following processes take place?Urine formationTransport of urine away from kidneyTemporary storage of urine

Accepted Answer

Urine formation — KidneysTransport of urine away from kidney — UreterTemporary storage of urine — Urinary bladder

Question 12

Question 2Define the following:ExcretionExcretory organsDialysisNephronOsmoregulation

Accepted Answer

Excretion — The process of removal of unwanted and toxic metabolic waste products from the body is called Excretion.Excretory organs — The organs that remove the unwanted waste and toxic substance from the body are known as Excretory organs.Dialysis — The process of filtration of blood with the help of machine, if both kidneys fail, is called Dialysis.Nephron — Nephron is the structural and functional unit of kidney. It filters the blood, purifies it and produces urine.Osmoregulation — The process of maintaining or regulating the water and salt concentration in the body is called osmoregulation. Kidneys help in osmoregulation in our body.

Question 13

Question 3Write the exact location of each of the following :KidneyUrinary bladderRenal cortexRenal medullaPelvis

Accepted Answer

Kidney — The kidneys are situated towards the back of the abdomen, one on either side of the backbone at the level of the last two ribs. The right kidney is located slightly lower than the left one.Urinary bladder — Urinary bladder is situated in the lower abdomen.Renal cortex — Renal cortex is the outer darker region of the kidney.Renal medulla — Renal medulla is the inner lighter region of the kidney, located within the renal cortex.Pelvis — The renal pelvis is a funnel-shaped structure located in the center of the kidney.

Question 14

Question 4Write one important excretory function / role of each of the following :KidneyUreterUrinary bladderUrethraSkin

Accepted Answer

Kidney — The primary function of the kidneys is to filter blood, removing waste products and excess substances to produce urine.Ureter — The ureters are thin tubes that transport urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder.Urinary bladder — The urinary bladder stores urine until it is ready to be expelled from the body.Urethra — When the bladder if full, the urine is expelled out through the urethra.Skin — The skin excretes waste products like excess water, salts, traces of urea and uric acid in the form of sweat, through sweat glands located underneath the skin.

Excretion in Humans

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