Question 1

Question 1Draw a labelled diagram of the urinary system in humans and describe each part.

Accepted Answer

The labelled diagram of the urinary system in humans is shown below:The human urinary system consists of following parts:Kidneys — These are a pair of reddish-brown, bean-shaped structures that are located just above the waist on either side of the backbone. They filter the impure blood and produce urine.Ureters — These are narrow tubes that lead out from each kidney. These tubes carry urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder.Urinary bladder — It is a pouch-like muscular structure in which urine is stored temporarily. In an adult male, the average capacity of the urinary bladder varies from 150 to 300 mL.Urethra — It is a tube-like opening at the bottom of the urinary bladder through which urine is passed out.

Question 2

Question 2Explain the structure of a nephron with the help of a diagram.

Accepted Answer

A nephron is the functional unit of a kidney. Each nephron consists of a cup-shaped structure at one end called the Bowman's capsule. It extends into a long urinary tubule that is surrounded by a network of renal capillaries. The urinary tubules of nephrons in each kidney join to form a common tube called the ureter. Inside the Bowman’s capsule, is a network of blood capillaries called glomerulus. The Bowman’s capsule and glomerulus together form the Malpighian body.Below diagram shows the structure of a nephron:

Question 3

Question 3Describe the process of urine formation.

Accepted Answer

The process of blood filtration by kidneys and urine formation can be explained in the following steps:Filtration — The renal artery brings the blood containing waste material to the kidneys. It then enters the glomerulus under high pressure. Water and small solutes are filtered in the Bowman’s capsule.Reabsorption — The filtrate passes through the thin walls of the Bowman’s capsule into the urinary or renal tubule. As it passes through the tubule, water and many useful substances are reabsorbed by the renal blood capillaries.Secretion — The remaining liquid, along with waste such as urea, uric acid and so on, is called urine and is collected in the urinary bladder.Excretion — Urine leaves the kidneys and passes into the urinary bladder through the ureters. When the urinary bladder is full, urine is passed out through the urethra.Below diagram shows the process of urine formation:

Question 4

Question 4Write a short note on artificial kidneys.

Accepted Answer

Kidneys play an important role not only by filtering the blood and getting rid of waste products, but also by balancing the salt levels in the body, controlling blood pressure and stimulating the production of red blood cells. A person can lead a normal life with one kidney but when both of them stop functioning, it can prove fatal if no treatment is provided. An artificial kidney or a dialyser is a machine used to filter the blood of a patient whose kidneys are damaged. This process is called dialysis. In this process the blood is directed from veins into the dialyser through a tube connected to veins. The dialyser filters the blood and filtered blood is again directed inside the body.

Question 5

Questions 5Give the causes and symptoms ofurinary tract infection.kidney stones.

Accepted Answer

Urinary tract infectionCauses — Urinary tract infection (UTI) usually occurs when bacteria such as E. coli enters the urinary tract.Symptoms — Following are the symptoms of UTI:a burning sensation while passing urine.a frequent urge to urinate.pain in the back or lower abdomen.cloudy and strange-smelling urine.fever-like feeling if the infection has reached the kidneys.Kidney StonesCauses — When urine becomes concentrated with calcium oxalate and uric acid, an accumulation of these dissolved minerals sticks together forming kidney stones. The main cause of kidney stones is lack of water in the body.Symptoms — Following are the symptoms of kidney stones:severe pain in the sides of the abdomenblood in the urinenausea and vomitingreduced amount of urine excretedburning sensation during urinationpersistent urge to urinate

Question 6

Question 6Urinary tract infections occur due toE. coliAzotobacterLactobacillusNitrosomonas.

Accepted Answer

E. coliReasons — E. coli causes Urinary tract infections when it enter the urinary tract through urethra.

Source: This question is from Excretory System in Humans, Biology &mdash; Class 7, ICSE Board.
Key Concepts CoveredThis question tests your understanding of the following concepts from the chapter Excretory System in Humans: Question, Urinary, Tract, Infections, Occur, Due. These are fundamental topics in Biology that students are expected to master as part of the ICSE Class 7 curriculum.A thorough understanding of these concepts will help you answer similar questions confidently in your ICSE examinations. These topics are frequently tested in both objective and subjective sections of Biology papers. We recommend revising the relevant section of your textbook alongside practising these solved examples to build a strong foundation.
How to Approach This QuestionRead the question carefully and identify what is being asked. Break down complex questions into smaller parts. Use the terminology and concepts discussed in this chapter. Structure your answer logically — begin with a definition or key statement, then provide supporting details. Review your answer to ensure it addresses all parts of the question completely.
Key Points to RememberUse precise scientific terminology as defined in the textbook.
Draw and label diagrams neatly for full marks.
Understand the difference between structure and function.
Learn processes step-by-step in the correct sequence.
Related Questions from Excretory System in HumansQ1: Question 1 Draw a labelled diagram of the urinary system in humans and describe each part.
Q2: Question 2 Explain the structure of a nephron with the help of a diagram.
Q3: Question 3 Describe the process of urine formation.
Q4: Question 4 Write a short note on artificial kidneys.
Q5: Questions 5 Give the causes and symptoms of urinary tract infection. kidney stones.
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