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ICSE Class 7 Biology Question 4 of 12

Nervous System — Question 7

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Given alongside is the figure of a median section of an organ. Study the same and answer the following questions :

Given alongside is the figure of a median section of an organ. Study the same and answer the following questions : Concise Biology Solutions ICSE Class 7.
  1. Name the organ and write its location in our body.
  2. Label the guidelines 1 to 4.
  3. Write one important function of hypothalamus.
  4. Which of the structures from 1 to 4 is considered as the master gland of the body ?
  5. Mention the basic structural unit of the organ shown in the figure and the organ system to which it belongs.
Answer

  1. The organ shown in the given figure is the human brain. It is contained in, and protected by, a bony structure called the skull or the cranium. The brain is further enclosed in three protective membranes, collectively called as meninges, which are separated by cerebrospinal fluid.

  2. The guidelines 1 to 4 show:
    1 → Cereberal hemisphere
    2 → Cerebellum
    3 → Medulla Oblongata
    4 → Pituitary

  3. One important function of the hypothalamus is regulating body temperature. It acts as the body's thermostat, monitoring internal temperature and initiating responses like sweating or shivering to maintain a stable internal environment.

  4. The pituitary gland is often called the "master gland" of the human body because it produces hormones that regulate many other glands and bodily functions.

  5. The basic structural and functional unit of the brain is the neuron (also known as a nerve cell). Neurons belong to the nervous system.

Chapter 8: Human Body: Nervous System — ICSE Class VII Biology Notes

Comprehensive ICSE Class VII Biology notes on the Human Nervous System covering brain parts (cerebrum, cerebellum, medulla), spinal cord, neuron structure, reflex action, reflex arc, and voluntary vs involuntary actions.

Key Concepts and Topics

Topics covered: Brain, Spinal cord, Neurons, Reflex action, Reflex arc

Weightage: Approximately 8 marks in the exam

Important Points to Remember

  • CNS = brain + spinal cord; PNS = nerves
  • Brain parts: cerebrum (thinking), cerebellum (balance), medulla (involuntary)
  • Neuron: cell body + dendrites (receive) + axon (transmit)
  • Reflex action: automatic response controlled by spinal cord
  • Reflex arc: receptor to sensory nerve to spinal cord to motor nerve to effector
  • Brain protected by skull, meninges, and cerebrospinal fluid
  • Voluntary actions involve brain; reflex actions bypass brain

Frequently Asked Questions

Q: What is a reflex action?

A: A quick, automatic, involuntary response to a stimulus, controlled by the spinal cord without involving the brain.

Q: What are the three main parts of the brain?

A: Cerebrum (thinking), Cerebellum (balance), and Medulla oblongata (involuntary actions).

Q: What is a reflex arc?

A: The pathway of a reflex: Receptor → Sensory nerve → Spinal cord → Motor nerve → Effector.

Exam Preparation Tips

  • Focus on understanding concepts rather than rote memorization
  • Practice drawing and labelling diagrams regularly
  • Use comparison tables for topics that require differentiation
  • Solve previous year questions and practice papers
  • Review the chapter notes provided by Bright Tutorials for comprehensive coverage

For complete chapter notes, practice questions, and test papers, contact Bright Tutorials at 9403781999.