Q: Question 5(i)Write balanced equations for each of the following :Photosynthesis.

6CO2 + 6H2O →SunlightChlorophyll\xrightarrow[\text{Sunlight}]{\text{Chlorophyll}}ChlorophyllSunlight C6H12O6 + 6O2

Q: Question 5(ii)Write balanced equations for each of the following :Aerobic respiration in animals.

C6H12O6 + 6O2 →\xrightarrow{} 6CO2 + 6H2O + 38 ATP (Energy)

Q: Question 5(iii)Write balanced equations for each of the following :Aerobic respiration in plants during daytime.

C6H12O6 + 6O2 →\xrightarrow{} 6CO2 + 6H2O + 38 ATP (Energy)

Q: Question 5(iv)Write balanced equations for each of the following :Aerobic respiration in plants during night.

C6H12O6 + 6O2 →\xrightarrow{} 6CO2 + 6H2O + 38 ATP (Energy)

Question 1

Question 1(i)Distinguish between the following pairs on the basis of the words indicated in the brackets []:Photosynthesis and Respiration	[Raw materials]

Accepted Answer

PhotosynthesisRespirationThe raw materials required for Photosynthesis are — Water, Carbon dioxide, and energy (from sunlight).The raw materials required for Respiration are — Glucose and Oxygen.

Question 2

Question 1(iii)Distinguish between the following pairs on the basis of the words indicated in the brackets []:Green and Variegated leaves	[Examples]

Accepted Answer

Green leavesVariegated leavesGreen leaves are uniformly colored green due to presence of chlorophyll.Variegated leaves have multiple colors due to the presence of different pigments.Examples- Spinach and BasilExamples- Coleus and Croton.

Question 3

Question 1(iv)Distinguish between the following pairs on the basis of the words indicated in the brackets []:Xylem and Phloem	[Function]

Accepted Answer

XylemPhloemThe xylem transports water and minerals upwards from roots to the leaves.The phloem transports glucose made in the leaves to the other parts of the plant in the form of sucrose.

Question 4

Question 2Draw a neat diagram of "opened and closed stomata" and answer the following questions :Label the following in the diagram : Guard cells, Stoma, Nucleus, Inner wall, Outer wall and Chloroplast.Mention the condition of guard cells during open and closed stomata.Write the specific location of these structures in the plant body.Name three important processes of plants in which the stomata are involved.Are the stomata open or closed during the day and night respectively ?

Accepted Answer

Diagram of opened and closed stomata are given below:During open stomata, guard cells are turgid as they absorb water. Conversely, when stomata are closed, guard cells are flaccid as the water is drawn out.Stomata are found mainly on the lower surface of the leaves.Three important processes of plants in which the stomata are involved are :PhotosynthesisTranspirationRespirationStomata are open during the day and closed at night.

Question 5

Question 3The figure given below represents a process in plants. Study the same and answer the following questions :Identify the process and define it.Write balanced equation depicting the entire process.Name the organelle and pigment responsible for the process.Mention two by-products of the process.What is the significance of the process ? State two points.

Accepted Answer

The given figure shows the process of Photosynthesis.Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants capture solar energy and use it to convert carbon dioxide and water into simple sugars and oxygen.The balanced equation depicting Photosynthesis is given below:Carbon dioxide + Water →SunlightChlorophyll\xrightarrow[	ext{Sunlight}]{	ext{Chlorophyll}}ChlorophyllSunlight​ Glucose + OxygenThe chloroplast is the organelle, and chlorophyll is the pigment, responsible for photosynthesis in plant cells. Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll, which captures light energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen.Two by-products of Photosynthesis are Glucose (C6 H12 O6) and Oxygen.Photosynthesis is significant due to following reasons:Food for all — Plants prepare their own food by photosynthesis, and the plants in turn are eaten by the animals.Oxygen for respiration — All the free oxygen in the atmospheric air is the result of photosynthesis.

Question 6

Question 4The experimental set-up shown alongside represents a process in plants. Study the same and answer the following questions :What is the aim of this experiment ?Name a suitable plant which can be used for the experiment. What is the habitat of this plant mentioned by you ?What is importance of the gas formed, shown by the bubbles, for us ?How would you confirm the presence of the gas in the test tube ?Draw a neat and labelled diagram of the same experiment in its 'initial stage.'

Accepted Answer

The aim of this experiment is to show that Oxygen is given out during Photosynthesis.Hydrilla plants can be used for the experiment. Hydrilla plants belong to freshwater Aquatic habitat.The gas formed is Oxygen. Oxygen is essential for the respiration of most living organisms.To confirm the presence of Oxygen in the test tube, I will remove the test tube with the gas carefully, and insert a glowing matchstick inside it. If the matchstick starts burning, the gas is Oxygen.The labelled diagram of this experiment in its 'initial stage' is given below:Page No. 51

Question 7

Question 5(i)Write balanced equations for each of the following :Photosynthesis.

Accepted Answer

6CO2 + 6H2O →SunlightChlorophyll\xrightarrow[	ext{Sunlight}]{	ext{Chlorophyll}}ChlorophyllSunlight​ C6H12O6 + 6O2

Question 8

Question 5(ii)Write balanced equations for each of the following :Aerobic respiration in animals.

Accepted Answer

C6H12O6 + 6O2 →\xrightarrow{}​ 6CO2 + 6H2O + 38 ATP (Energy)

Question 9

Question 5(iii)Write balanced equations for each of the following :Aerobic respiration in plants during daytime.

Accepted Answer

C6H12O6 + 6O2 →\xrightarrow{}​ 6CO2 + 6H2O + 38 ATP (Energy)

Question 10

Question 5(iv)Write balanced equations for each of the following :Aerobic respiration in plants during night.

Accepted Answer

C6H12O6 + 6O2 →\xrightarrow{}​ 6CO2 + 6H2O + 38 ATP (Energy)

Question 11

Question 5(v)Write balanced equations for each of the following :Anaerobic respiration in plants.

Accepted Answer

C6H12O6 →\xrightarrow{}​ 2C2H5OH (Ethanol) + 2CO2 + 2ATP (Energy)

Question 12

Question 5Name the following:The cells which surround the openings of stomata.The chemical energy stored in the cells.The pigment which traps solar energy for the process of photosynthesis.A non-chlorophyllous, unicellular plant that respires anaerobically.The process which maintains the coolness of the plant body.

Accepted Answer

Guard cellsAdenosine Triphosphate (ATP)ChlorophyllYeastTranspiration

Question 13

Question 6Note the relationship between the first two words and suggest a suitable word/ phrase for the fourth place :Photosynthesis : Day time :: Respiration : ...............Photo : light :: Synthesis : ...............Xylem : Water and minerals :: Phloem : ...............Palisade cells : Barrel-shaped :: Guard cells : ...............Photosynthesis : Chloroplast :: Respiration : ...............

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis : Day time :: Respiration : All day and nightPhoto : light :: Synthesis : combiningXylem : Water and minerals :: Phloem : SucrosePalisade cells : Barrel-shaped :: Guard cells : Bean-shapedPhotosynthesis : Chloroplast :: Respiration : All cells

Question 14

Question 7Fill in the blanks :Plants release ............... gas as a by product during photosynthesis.Plants use ............... gas in the process of respiration during day time................ gas turns lime water milky................ is used to decolourise the leaf.Iodine solution turns ............... into blue-black colour.

Accepted Answer

OxygenOxygenCarbon dioxideAlcoholStarch

Question 15

Question 2Define the following terms :AutotrophsPhotosynthesisRespirationVascular systemStomata

Accepted Answer

Autotrophs — Green plants can prepare their own food, hence they are called autotrophs.Photosynthesis — Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants capture solar energy and use it to convert carbon dioxide and water into simple sugars.Respiration — Respiration is the process in which glucose is broken down to release energy.Vascular system — All plants have a transport system called vascular system made of xylem, which carries water and minerals from roots to leaves, and phloem, which transports glucose from leaves to other parts of the plant.Stomata — Stomata are tiny openings found mainly on the lower surface of the leaves that allow gases to pass in and out.

Question 16

Question 5Do the plants respire all day and night or only during the day? Give reasons.

Accepted Answer

Plants respire all day and night as plants require a constant supply of energy for all the different processes that go on inside the cells of the plant body. Energy is required for the growth of the plant, for root cells to penetrate the soil and absorb water and minerals and so many other such activities. Thus, Respiration occurs continuously in plants, during both day and night.

Photosynthesis and Respiration

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