Question 1

Question 2Write the names of two explorers who explored Antarctica. Write three points laid down in the Antarctic Treaty.

Accepted Answer

Roald Amundsen and Robert F Scott were two explorers who explored Antarctica.Three points laid down in the Antarctic Treaty were:The nations should pool their resources and information about Antarctica.The continent shall be used only for peaceful purposes.The testing of weapons is prohibited.

ICSE Class VII Geography — Chapter 7: Study of Continents: Antarctica
  Bright Tutorials | ICSE Class VII | Geography | Chapter 7

Antarctica — The Frozen Continent
    Antarctica is the fifth largest continent, located around the South Pole. It is the coldest (-89.2°C record), driest (less than 200 mm precipitation), windiest (katabatic winds up to 300 km/h), and highest continent. No country owns it, and there are no permanent residents — only scientists at research stations. Its ice sheet covers 98% of the continent and contains 70% of the world's fresh water.

Exploration — The Race to the South Pole
    The race to the South Pole between Roald Amundsen (Norway) and Robert Scott (Britain) is one of history's most dramatic events. Amundsen reached first on 14 December 1911 using dog sleds and careful planning. Scott arrived 35 days later on 17 January 1912 and died on the return journey. Ernest Shackleton's Endurance expedition (1914-16), where his ship was crushed by ice, is considered one of the greatest survival stories ever.

Wildlife, Research, and the Antarctic Treaty
    Antarctica's food chain depends on krill — tiny creatures eaten by penguins, seals, and whales. Emperor penguins breed in winter at -60°C. India has two research stations: Maitri (1989) and Bharati (2012). The Antarctic Treaty (1959) ensures Antarctica is used for peaceful purposes and scientific research only, with no military activity, mining, or nuclear testing allowed.

Key Takeaways for ICSE Class VII Students
    
      Antarctica has penguins but NO polar bears (polar bears are in the Arctic)
      Amundsen reached South Pole FIRST (14 Dec 1911); Scott reached 35 days later
      Antarctica is a "cold desert" — it gets very little precipitation
      India's stations: Maitri (1989) and Bharati (2012)
      If all ice melted, sea levels would rise by 58 metres

Question 2

Question 3Write a short note on the climate of Antarctica.

Accepted Answer

Antarctica is an extremely cold, dry and windy continent. The continental edges experience powerful winds which blow at a speed of about 160 kilometres per hour. These strong cold winds are called blizzards.The summer in Antarctica is from November to February. During this time the sun never sets. The summer temperature remains below the freezing point.The winter is from May to August. The sun never rises during these months. As the winter approaches, the sea around Antarctica freezes.No rainfall occurs in Antarctica as the land surface remains frozen and the air remains dry. However, light snowfall occurs during winter, mainly in the coastal areas.

ICSE Class VII Geography — Chapter 7: Study of Continents: Antarctica
  Bright Tutorials | ICSE Class VII | Geography | Chapter 7

Antarctica — The Frozen Continent
    Antarctica is the fifth largest continent, located around the South Pole. It is the coldest (-89.2°C record), driest (less than 200 mm precipitation), windiest (katabatic winds up to 300 km/h), and highest continent. No country owns it, and there are no permanent residents — only scientists at research stations. Its ice sheet covers 98% of the continent and contains 70% of the world's fresh water.

Exploration — The Race to the South Pole
    The race to the South Pole between Roald Amundsen (Norway) and Robert Scott (Britain) is one of history's most dramatic events. Amundsen reached first on 14 December 1911 using dog sleds and careful planning. Scott arrived 35 days later on 17 January 1912 and died on the return journey. Ernest Shackleton's Endurance expedition (1914-16), where his ship was crushed by ice, is considered one of the greatest survival stories ever.

Wildlife, Research, and the Antarctic Treaty
    Antarctica's food chain depends on krill — tiny creatures eaten by penguins, seals, and whales. Emperor penguins breed in winter at -60°C. India has two research stations: Maitri (1989) and Bharati (2012). The Antarctic Treaty (1959) ensures Antarctica is used for peaceful purposes and scientific research only, with no military activity, mining, or nuclear testing allowed.

Key Takeaways for ICSE Class VII Students
    
      Antarctica has penguins but NO polar bears (polar bears are in the Arctic)
      Amundsen reached South Pole FIRST (14 Dec 1911); Scott reached 35 days later
      Antarctica is a "cold desert" — it gets very little precipitation
      India's stations: Maitri (1989) and Bharati (2012)
      If all ice melted, sea levels would rise by 58 metres

Question 3

Question 4Name four animals and three minerals found in Antarctica.

Accepted Answer

Four animals found in Antarctica are:PenguinsSnow petrelAlbatrossSealThree minerals found in Antarctica are:IronCopperUranium

ICSE Class VII Geography — Chapter 7: Study of Continents: Antarctica
  Bright Tutorials | ICSE Class VII | Geography | Chapter 7

Antarctica — The Frozen Continent
    Antarctica is the fifth largest continent, located around the South Pole. It is the coldest (-89.2°C record), driest (less than 200 mm precipitation), windiest (katabatic winds up to 300 km/h), and highest continent. No country owns it, and there are no permanent residents — only scientists at research stations. Its ice sheet covers 98% of the continent and contains 70% of the world's fresh water.

Exploration — The Race to the South Pole
    The race to the South Pole between Roald Amundsen (Norway) and Robert Scott (Britain) is one of history's most dramatic events. Amundsen reached first on 14 December 1911 using dog sleds and careful planning. Scott arrived 35 days later on 17 January 1912 and died on the return journey. Ernest Shackleton's Endurance expedition (1914-16), where his ship was crushed by ice, is considered one of the greatest survival stories ever.

Wildlife, Research, and the Antarctic Treaty
    Antarctica's food chain depends on krill — tiny creatures eaten by penguins, seals, and whales. Emperor penguins breed in winter at -60°C. India has two research stations: Maitri (1989) and Bharati (2012). The Antarctic Treaty (1959) ensures Antarctica is used for peaceful purposes and scientific research only, with no military activity, mining, or nuclear testing allowed.

Key Takeaways for ICSE Class VII Students
    
      Antarctica has penguins but NO polar bears (polar bears are in the Arctic)
      Amundsen reached South Pole FIRST (14 Dec 1911); Scott reached 35 days later
      Antarctica is a "cold desert" — it gets very little precipitation
      India's stations: Maitri (1989) and Bharati (2012)
      If all ice melted, sea levels would rise by 58 metres

Question 4

Question 2Fill in the blanks:(a) The first Norwegian expedition to Antarctica was led by ............... in ............... .(b) Antarctica treaty was signed in ............... .(c) The ............... and ............... seas deeply penetrate the continent from opposite directions.(d) The highest mountain of the continent is the ............... in ............... .(e) The ............... and ............... are the most common flightless birds.

Accepted Answer

(a) The first Norwegian expedition to Antarctica was led by Captain Carl Anton Larsen in 1892(b) Antarctica treaty was signed in 1959(c) The Weddell and Ross seas deeply penetrate the continent from opposite directions.(d) The highest mountain of the continent is the Vinson Massif in Ellsworth land(e) The Adelle and Emperor Penguins are the most common flightless birds.

ICSE Class VII Geography — Chapter 7: Study of Continents: Antarctica
  Bright Tutorials | ICSE Class VII | Geography | Chapter 7

Antarctica — The Frozen Continent
    Antarctica is the fifth largest continent, located around the South Pole. It is the coldest (-89.2°C record), driest (less than 200 mm precipitation), windiest (katabatic winds up to 300 km/h), and highest continent. No country owns it, and there are no permanent residents — only scientists at research stations. Its ice sheet covers 98% of the continent and contains 70% of the world's fresh water.

Exploration — The Race to the South Pole
    The race to the South Pole between Roald Amundsen (Norway) and Robert Scott (Britain) is one of history's most dramatic events. Amundsen reached first on 14 December 1911 using dog sleds and careful planning. Scott arrived 35 days later on 17 January 1912 and died on the return journey. Ernest Shackleton's Endurance expedition (1914-16), where his ship was crushed by ice, is considered one of the greatest survival stories ever.

Wildlife, Research, and the Antarctic Treaty
    Antarctica's food chain depends on krill — tiny creatures eaten by penguins, seals, and whales. Emperor penguins breed in winter at -60°C. India has two research stations: Maitri (1989) and Bharati (2012). The Antarctic Treaty (1959) ensures Antarctica is used for peaceful purposes and scientific research only, with no military activity, mining, or nuclear testing allowed.

Key Takeaways for ICSE Class VII Students
    
      Antarctica has penguins but NO polar bears (polar bears are in the Arctic)
      Amundsen reached South Pole FIRST (14 Dec 1911); Scott reached 35 days later
      Antarctica is a "cold desert" — it gets very little precipitation
      India's stations: Maitri (1989) and Bharati (2012)
      If all ice melted, sea levels would rise by 58 metres

Question 5

Question 6(a)Why is Antarctica called White Continent?

Accepted Answer

The entire continent of Antarctica is covered with a vast ice sheet. Due to this thick ice cover, there is no vegetation or settlement and hence it looks like a white landscape. Thus, Antarctica is called the White Continent.

ICSE Class VII Geography — Chapter 7: Study of Continents: Antarctica
  Bright Tutorials | ICSE Class VII | Geography | Chapter 7

Antarctica — The Frozen Continent
    Antarctica is the fifth largest continent, located around the South Pole. It is the coldest (-89.2°C record), driest (less than 200 mm precipitation), windiest (katabatic winds up to 300 km/h), and highest continent. No country owns it, and there are no permanent residents — only scientists at research stations. Its ice sheet covers 98% of the continent and contains 70% of the world's fresh water.

Exploration — The Race to the South Pole
    The race to the South Pole between Roald Amundsen (Norway) and Robert Scott (Britain) is one of history's most dramatic events. Amundsen reached first on 14 December 1911 using dog sleds and careful planning. Scott arrived 35 days later on 17 January 1912 and died on the return journey. Ernest Shackleton's Endurance expedition (1914-16), where his ship was crushed by ice, is considered one of the greatest survival stories ever.

Wildlife, Research, and the Antarctic Treaty
    Antarctica's food chain depends on krill — tiny creatures eaten by penguins, seals, and whales. Emperor penguins breed in winter at -60°C. India has two research stations: Maitri (1989) and Bharati (2012). The Antarctic Treaty (1959) ensures Antarctica is used for peaceful purposes and scientific research only, with no military activity, mining, or nuclear testing allowed.

Key Takeaways for ICSE Class VII Students
    
      Antarctica has penguins but NO polar bears (polar bears are in the Arctic)
      Amundsen reached South Pole FIRST (14 Dec 1911); Scott reached 35 days later
      Antarctica is a "cold desert" — it gets very little precipitation
      India's stations: Maitri (1989) and Bharati (2012)
      If all ice melted, sea levels would rise by 58 metres

Question 6

Question 6(b)Describe the climate conditions of Antarctica.

Accepted Answer

Climatic conditions of Antarctica:Antarctica is an extremely cold, dry and windy continent. The continental edges experience powerful winds which blow at a speed of about 160 kilometres per hour. These strong cold winds are called blizzards.The summer in Antarctica is from November to February. During this time the sun never sets. The summer temperature remains below the freezing point at around -28°C in Antarctic interior.The winter is from May to August. The sun never rises during these months. As the winter approaches, the sea around Antarctica freezes. The winter temperature is around -50°C.Humidity in Antarctica is very low as the moisture in air freezes. No rainfall occurs in Antarctica as the land surface remains frozen and the air remains dry. However, light snowfall occurs during winter, mainly in the coastal areas.

ICSE Class VII Geography — Chapter 7: Study of Continents: Antarctica
  Bright Tutorials | ICSE Class VII | Geography | Chapter 7

Antarctica — The Frozen Continent
    Antarctica is the fifth largest continent, located around the South Pole. It is the coldest (-89.2°C record), driest (less than 200 mm precipitation), windiest (katabatic winds up to 300 km/h), and highest continent. No country owns it, and there are no permanent residents — only scientists at research stations. Its ice sheet covers 98% of the continent and contains 70% of the world's fresh water.

Exploration — The Race to the South Pole
    The race to the South Pole between Roald Amundsen (Norway) and Robert Scott (Britain) is one of history's most dramatic events. Amundsen reached first on 14 December 1911 using dog sleds and careful planning. Scott arrived 35 days later on 17 January 1912 and died on the return journey. Ernest Shackleton's Endurance expedition (1914-16), where his ship was crushed by ice, is considered one of the greatest survival stories ever.

Wildlife, Research, and the Antarctic Treaty
    Antarctica's food chain depends on krill — tiny creatures eaten by penguins, seals, and whales. Emperor penguins breed in winter at -60°C. India has two research stations: Maitri (1989) and Bharati (2012). The Antarctic Treaty (1959) ensures Antarctica is used for peaceful purposes and scientific research only, with no military activity, mining, or nuclear testing allowed.

Key Takeaways for ICSE Class VII Students
    
      Antarctica has penguins but NO polar bears (polar bears are in the Arctic)
      Amundsen reached South Pole FIRST (14 Dec 1911); Scott reached 35 days later
      Antarctica is a "cold desert" — it gets very little precipitation
      India's stations: Maitri (1989) and Bharati (2012)
      If all ice melted, sea levels would rise by 58 metres

Question 7

Question 6(c)State the main purpose of the Antarctica Treaty.

Accepted Answer

The Antarctica Treaty aims:To prohibit military activities.To prohibit mining.To prohibit nuclear explosions and nuclear waste disposal.To promote scientific research and protect the continent's ecozone.

ICSE Class VII Geography — Chapter 7: Study of Continents: Antarctica
  Bright Tutorials | ICSE Class VII | Geography | Chapter 7

Antarctica — The Frozen Continent
    Antarctica is the fifth largest continent, located around the South Pole. It is the coldest (-89.2°C record), driest (less than 200 mm precipitation), windiest (katabatic winds up to 300 km/h), and highest continent. No country owns it, and there are no permanent residents — only scientists at research stations. Its ice sheet covers 98% of the continent and contains 70% of the world's fresh water.

Exploration — The Race to the South Pole
    The race to the South Pole between Roald Amundsen (Norway) and Robert Scott (Britain) is one of history's most dramatic events. Amundsen reached first on 14 December 1911 using dog sleds and careful planning. Scott arrived 35 days later on 17 January 1912 and died on the return journey. Ernest Shackleton's Endurance expedition (1914-16), where his ship was crushed by ice, is considered one of the greatest survival stories ever.

Wildlife, Research, and the Antarctic Treaty
    Antarctica's food chain depends on krill — tiny creatures eaten by penguins, seals, and whales. Emperor penguins breed in winter at -60°C. India has two research stations: Maitri (1989) and Bharati (2012). The Antarctic Treaty (1959) ensures Antarctica is used for peaceful purposes and scientific research only, with no military activity, mining, or nuclear testing allowed.

Key Takeaways for ICSE Class VII Students
    
      Antarctica has penguins but NO polar bears (polar bears are in the Arctic)
      Amundsen reached South Pole FIRST (14 Dec 1911); Scott reached 35 days later
      Antarctica is a "cold desert" — it gets very little precipitation
      India's stations: Maitri (1989) and Bharati (2012)
      If all ice melted, sea levels would rise by 58 metres

Question 8

Question 6(d)Why is the climate of Antarctica not suitable for vegetation and cultivation?

Accepted Answer

The climate of Antarctica is not suitable for vegetation and cultivation because:Antarctica is a cold desert.Antarctica lacks fertile soil.The permanent severe frosts and very cold winds prevent any distribution of plant species.

ICSE Class VII Geography — Chapter 7: Study of Continents: Antarctica
  Bright Tutorials | ICSE Class VII | Geography | Chapter 7

Antarctica — The Frozen Continent
    Antarctica is the fifth largest continent, located around the South Pole. It is the coldest (-89.2°C record), driest (less than 200 mm precipitation), windiest (katabatic winds up to 300 km/h), and highest continent. No country owns it, and there are no permanent residents — only scientists at research stations. Its ice sheet covers 98% of the continent and contains 70% of the world's fresh water.

Exploration — The Race to the South Pole
    The race to the South Pole between Roald Amundsen (Norway) and Robert Scott (Britain) is one of history's most dramatic events. Amundsen reached first on 14 December 1911 using dog sleds and careful planning. Scott arrived 35 days later on 17 January 1912 and died on the return journey. Ernest Shackleton's Endurance expedition (1914-16), where his ship was crushed by ice, is considered one of the greatest survival stories ever.

Wildlife, Research, and the Antarctic Treaty
    Antarctica's food chain depends on krill — tiny creatures eaten by penguins, seals, and whales. Emperor penguins breed in winter at -60°C. India has two research stations: Maitri (1989) and Bharati (2012). The Antarctic Treaty (1959) ensures Antarctica is used for peaceful purposes and scientific research only, with no military activity, mining, or nuclear testing allowed.

Key Takeaways for ICSE Class VII Students
    
      Antarctica has penguins but NO polar bears (polar bears are in the Arctic)
      Amundsen reached South Pole FIRST (14 Dec 1911); Scott reached 35 days later
      Antarctica is a "cold desert" — it gets very little precipitation
      India's stations: Maitri (1989) and Bharati (2012)
      If all ice melted, sea levels would rise by 58 metres

Question 9

Question 6(e)Why is continent of Antarctica known as the continent of science?

Accepted Answer

The continent of Antarctica is known as the continent of science because:It is dedicated to peace and science.It has research stations from various countries and is inhabited primarily by scientists which are the only human habitations on the continent.It provides great scope for the scientific study of the earth's weather.The discovery of microorganisms in the ice core of Antarctica may provide insights on the origin of life on earth and also the solar system.

ICSE Class VII Geography — Chapter 7: Study of Continents: Antarctica
  Bright Tutorials | ICSE Class VII | Geography | Chapter 7

Antarctica — The Frozen Continent
    Antarctica is the fifth largest continent, located around the South Pole. It is the coldest (-89.2°C record), driest (less than 200 mm precipitation), windiest (katabatic winds up to 300 km/h), and highest continent. No country owns it, and there are no permanent residents — only scientists at research stations. Its ice sheet covers 98% of the continent and contains 70% of the world's fresh water.

Exploration — The Race to the South Pole
    The race to the South Pole between Roald Amundsen (Norway) and Robert Scott (Britain) is one of history's most dramatic events. Amundsen reached first on 14 December 1911 using dog sleds and careful planning. Scott arrived 35 days later on 17 January 1912 and died on the return journey. Ernest Shackleton's Endurance expedition (1914-16), where his ship was crushed by ice, is considered one of the greatest survival stories ever.

Wildlife, Research, and the Antarctic Treaty
    Antarctica's food chain depends on krill — tiny creatures eaten by penguins, seals, and whales. Emperor penguins breed in winter at -60°C. India has two research stations: Maitri (1989) and Bharati (2012). The Antarctic Treaty (1959) ensures Antarctica is used for peaceful purposes and scientific research only, with no military activity, mining, or nuclear testing allowed.

Key Takeaways for ICSE Class VII Students
    
      Antarctica has penguins but NO polar bears (polar bears are in the Arctic)
      Amundsen reached South Pole FIRST (14 Dec 1911); Scott reached 35 days later
      Antarctica is a "cold desert" — it gets very little precipitation
      India's stations: Maitri (1989) and Bharati (2012)
      If all ice melted, sea levels would rise by 58 metres

Question 10

Question 6(f)State the future prospects of the continent of Antarctica.

Accepted Answer

Antarctica is currently safeguarded against mineral exploitation and conflict by the Antarctica Treaty. It will continue to provide ample scope of research in the near future.However, it is believed to contain valuable mineral resources like coal, oil, gold, and silver. As energy and mineral reserves decline and tourism in Antarctica grows, there will likely be greater pressure to exploit its natural resources on both land and in the ocean in the future.

ICSE Class VII Geography — Chapter 7: Study of Continents: Antarctica
  Bright Tutorials | ICSE Class VII | Geography | Chapter 7

Antarctica — The Frozen Continent
    Antarctica is the fifth largest continent, located around the South Pole. It is the coldest (-89.2°C record), driest (less than 200 mm precipitation), windiest (katabatic winds up to 300 km/h), and highest continent. No country owns it, and there are no permanent residents — only scientists at research stations. Its ice sheet covers 98% of the continent and contains 70% of the world's fresh water.

Exploration — The Race to the South Pole
    The race to the South Pole between Roald Amundsen (Norway) and Robert Scott (Britain) is one of history's most dramatic events. Amundsen reached first on 14 December 1911 using dog sleds and careful planning. Scott arrived 35 days later on 17 January 1912 and died on the return journey. Ernest Shackleton's Endurance expedition (1914-16), where his ship was crushed by ice, is considered one of the greatest survival stories ever.

Wildlife, Research, and the Antarctic Treaty
    Antarctica's food chain depends on krill — tiny creatures eaten by penguins, seals, and whales. Emperor penguins breed in winter at -60°C. India has two research stations: Maitri (1989) and Bharati (2012). The Antarctic Treaty (1959) ensures Antarctica is used for peaceful purposes and scientific research only, with no military activity, mining, or nuclear testing allowed.

Key Takeaways for ICSE Class VII Students
    
      Antarctica has penguins but NO polar bears (polar bears are in the Arctic)
      Amundsen reached South Pole FIRST (14 Dec 1911); Scott reached 35 days later
      Antarctica is a "cold desert" — it gets very little precipitation
      India's stations: Maitri (1989) and Bharati (2012)
      If all ice melted, sea levels would rise by 58 metres

Question 11

Question 6(g)Describe the location and extent of Antarctica.

Accepted Answer

Antarctica is world’s southernmost continent, containing the geographic South Pole. It is situated in the Antarctic region of the Southern Hemisphere, almost entirely south of the Antarctic Circle and is surrounded by the Southern Ocean. Its area is approximately 14,200,000 sq. km. It is covered by Permafrost (permanently frozen ground).

ICSE Class VII Geography — Chapter 7: Study of Continents: Antarctica
  Bright Tutorials | ICSE Class VII | Geography | Chapter 7

Antarctica — The Frozen Continent
    Antarctica is the fifth largest continent, located around the South Pole. It is the coldest (-89.2°C record), driest (less than 200 mm precipitation), windiest (katabatic winds up to 300 km/h), and highest continent. No country owns it, and there are no permanent residents — only scientists at research stations. Its ice sheet covers 98% of the continent and contains 70% of the world's fresh water.

Exploration — The Race to the South Pole
    The race to the South Pole between Roald Amundsen (Norway) and Robert Scott (Britain) is one of history's most dramatic events. Amundsen reached first on 14 December 1911 using dog sleds and careful planning. Scott arrived 35 days later on 17 January 1912 and died on the return journey. Ernest Shackleton's Endurance expedition (1914-16), where his ship was crushed by ice, is considered one of the greatest survival stories ever.

Wildlife, Research, and the Antarctic Treaty
    Antarctica's food chain depends on krill — tiny creatures eaten by penguins, seals, and whales. Emperor penguins breed in winter at -60°C. India has two research stations: Maitri (1989) and Bharati (2012). The Antarctic Treaty (1959) ensures Antarctica is used for peaceful purposes and scientific research only, with no military activity, mining, or nuclear testing allowed.

Key Takeaways for ICSE Class VII Students
    
      Antarctica has penguins but NO polar bears (polar bears are in the Arctic)
      Amundsen reached South Pole FIRST (14 Dec 1911); Scott reached 35 days later
      Antarctica is a "cold desert" — it gets very little precipitation
      India's stations: Maitri (1989) and Bharati (2012)
      If all ice melted, sea levels would rise by 58 metres

Question 12

Question 6(h)Describe the physical features of the continent of Antarctica.

Accepted Answer

The physical features of the continent of Antarctica are:Antarctica is covered with thick sheet of ice. There are no coastal plains. It is covered by Permafrost.The transantarctic mountains divide the continent into two parts. The smaller and narrower western part is called Lesser Antarctica and the larger eastern part is called Greater Antarctica.Vinson Massif in Ellsworth land is the highest mountain of the continent.Mt. Sidley is the highest volcano in Antarctica.The highest point in Eastern Antarctica is Kirkpatrick in transantarctic mountains and second highest is Mount Erebus on Ross Island which is an active volcano.A plateau called Queen Maud land is located along the coastal area on the eastern side of the continent.The South pole lies on the South Pole plateau at a height of 2785 m above sea level.

ICSE Class VII Geography — Chapter 7: Study of Continents: Antarctica
  Bright Tutorials | ICSE Class VII | Geography | Chapter 7

Antarctica — The Frozen Continent
    Antarctica is the fifth largest continent, located around the South Pole. It is the coldest (-89.2°C record), driest (less than 200 mm precipitation), windiest (katabatic winds up to 300 km/h), and highest continent. No country owns it, and there are no permanent residents — only scientists at research stations. Its ice sheet covers 98% of the continent and contains 70% of the world's fresh water.

Exploration — The Race to the South Pole
    The race to the South Pole between Roald Amundsen (Norway) and Robert Scott (Britain) is one of history's most dramatic events. Amundsen reached first on 14 December 1911 using dog sleds and careful planning. Scott arrived 35 days later on 17 January 1912 and died on the return journey. Ernest Shackleton's Endurance expedition (1914-16), where his ship was crushed by ice, is considered one of the greatest survival stories ever.

Wildlife, Research, and the Antarctic Treaty
    Antarctica's food chain depends on krill — tiny creatures eaten by penguins, seals, and whales. Emperor penguins breed in winter at -60°C. India has two research stations: Maitri (1989) and Bharati (2012). The Antarctic Treaty (1959) ensures Antarctica is used for peaceful purposes and scientific research only, with no military activity, mining, or nuclear testing allowed.

Key Takeaways for ICSE Class VII Students
    
      Antarctica has penguins but NO polar bears (polar bears are in the Arctic)
      Amundsen reached South Pole FIRST (14 Dec 1911); Scott reached 35 days later
      Antarctica is a "cold desert" — it gets very little precipitation
      India's stations: Maitri (1989) and Bharati (2012)
      If all ice melted, sea levels would rise by 58 metres

Question 13

Question 6(i)Write a short note on the discovery of Antarctica.

Accepted Answer

In 1773, James Cook crossed the latitude of 67°15' S along the Antarctica circle for the first time. He only discovered nearby islands. In 1820, the very first to have sighted Antarctica was Russian expedition led by Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen and Mikhail Lazarev. The first Norwegian expedition to Antarctica was led by Captain Carl Anton Larsen in 1892. During the expedition, he was first to discover fossils in Antarctica. Finally, a Norwegian explorer, Roald Amundsen with his team reached the south pole on December 14, 1911.

ICSE Class VII Geography — Chapter 7: Study of Continents: Antarctica
  Bright Tutorials | ICSE Class VII | Geography | Chapter 7

Antarctica — The Frozen Continent
    Antarctica is the fifth largest continent, located around the South Pole. It is the coldest (-89.2°C record), driest (less than 200 mm precipitation), windiest (katabatic winds up to 300 km/h), and highest continent. No country owns it, and there are no permanent residents — only scientists at research stations. Its ice sheet covers 98% of the continent and contains 70% of the world's fresh water.

Exploration — The Race to the South Pole
    The race to the South Pole between Roald Amundsen (Norway) and Robert Scott (Britain) is one of history's most dramatic events. Amundsen reached first on 14 December 1911 using dog sleds and careful planning. Scott arrived 35 days later on 17 January 1912 and died on the return journey. Ernest Shackleton's Endurance expedition (1914-16), where his ship was crushed by ice, is considered one of the greatest survival stories ever.

Wildlife, Research, and the Antarctic Treaty
    Antarctica's food chain depends on krill — tiny creatures eaten by penguins, seals, and whales. Emperor penguins breed in winter at -60°C. India has two research stations: Maitri (1989) and Bharati (2012). The Antarctic Treaty (1959) ensures Antarctica is used for peaceful purposes and scientific research only, with no military activity, mining, or nuclear testing allowed.

Key Takeaways for ICSE Class VII Students
    
      Antarctica has penguins but NO polar bears (polar bears are in the Arctic)
      Amundsen reached South Pole FIRST (14 Dec 1911); Scott reached 35 days later
      Antarctica is a "cold desert" — it gets very little precipitation
      India's stations: Maitri (1989) and Bharati (2012)
      If all ice melted, sea levels would rise by 58 metres

Question 14

Question 6(j)Why is Antarctica uninhabitable for human beings.

Accepted Answer

Antarctica's freezing climate and barren glacial coasts with not a drop of fresh water to drink, isolated from the world, makes it impossible for normal life to survive. Therefore, Antarctica is uninhabitable for human beings.

ICSE Class VII Geography — Chapter 7: Study of Continents: Antarctica
  Bright Tutorials | ICSE Class VII | Geography | Chapter 7

Antarctica — The Frozen Continent
    Antarctica is the fifth largest continent, located around the South Pole. It is the coldest (-89.2°C record), driest (less than 200 mm precipitation), windiest (katabatic winds up to 300 km/h), and highest continent. No country owns it, and there are no permanent residents — only scientists at research stations. Its ice sheet covers 98% of the continent and contains 70% of the world's fresh water.

Exploration — The Race to the South Pole
    The race to the South Pole between Roald Amundsen (Norway) and Robert Scott (Britain) is one of history's most dramatic events. Amundsen reached first on 14 December 1911 using dog sleds and careful planning. Scott arrived 35 days later on 17 January 1912 and died on the return journey. Ernest Shackleton's Endurance expedition (1914-16), where his ship was crushed by ice, is considered one of the greatest survival stories ever.

Wildlife, Research, and the Antarctic Treaty
    Antarctica's food chain depends on krill — tiny creatures eaten by penguins, seals, and whales. Emperor penguins breed in winter at -60°C. India has two research stations: Maitri (1989) and Bharati (2012). The Antarctic Treaty (1959) ensures Antarctica is used for peaceful purposes and scientific research only, with no military activity, mining, or nuclear testing allowed.

Key Takeaways for ICSE Class VII Students
    
      Antarctica has penguins but NO polar bears (polar bears are in the Arctic)
      Amundsen reached South Pole FIRST (14 Dec 1911); Scott reached 35 days later
      Antarctica is a "cold desert" — it gets very little precipitation
      India's stations: Maitri (1989) and Bharati (2012)
      If all ice melted, sea levels would rise by 58 metres

Question 15

Question 1(o)Plateau located along the coastal area on the eastern side of AntarcticaQueen Maud landVinson MassifRoss IslandVostok

Accepted Answer

Queen Maud land

Source: This question is from Antarctica, Geography &mdash; Class 7, ICSE Board.
Key Concepts CoveredThis question tests your understanding of the following concepts from the chapter Antarctica: Question, Plateau, Located, Coastal, Area, Eastern. These are fundamental topics in Geography that students are expected to master as part of the ICSE Class 7 curriculum.A thorough understanding of these concepts will help you answer similar questions confidently in your ICSE examinations. These topics are frequently tested in both objective and subjective sections of Geography papers. We recommend revising the relevant section of your textbook alongside practising these solved examples to build a strong foundation.
How to Approach This QuestionRead the question carefully and identify what is being asked. Break down complex questions into smaller parts. Use the terminology and concepts discussed in this chapter. Structure your answer logically — begin with a definition or key statement, then provide supporting details. Review your answer to ensure it addresses all parts of the question completely.
Key Points to RememberReference specific locations, latitudes, or regions in your answers.
Explain both physical and human factors where applicable.
Use map references and diagrams to strengthen answers.
Link geographic concepts to current real-world examples.
Related Questions from AntarcticaQ1: Question 2 Fill in the blanks: (a) The first Norwegian expedition to Antarctica was led by...
Q10: Question 6(f) State the future prospects of the continent of Antarctica.
Q11: Question 6(g) Describe the location and extent of Antarctica.
Q12: Question 6(h) Describe the physical features of the continent of Antarctica.
Q13: Question 6(i) Write a short note on the discovery of Antarctica.
Practice more questions from Antarctica &mdash; Geography, Class 7 ICSE

ICSE Class VII Geography — Chapter 7: Study of Continents: Antarctica
  Bright Tutorials | ICSE Class VII | Geography | Chapter 7

Antarctica — The Frozen Continent
    Antarctica is the fifth largest continent, located around the South Pole. It is the coldest (-89.2°C record), driest (less than 200 mm precipitation), windiest (katabatic winds up to 300 km/h), and highest continent. No country owns it, and there are no permanent residents — only scientists at research stations. Its ice sheet covers 98% of the continent and contains 70% of the world's fresh water.

Exploration — The Race to the South Pole
    The race to the South Pole between Roald Amundsen (Norway) and Robert Scott (Britain) is one of history's most dramatic events. Amundsen reached first on 14 December 1911 using dog sleds and careful planning. Scott arrived 35 days later on 17 January 1912 and died on the return journey. Ernest Shackleton's Endurance expedition (1914-16), where his ship was crushed by ice, is considered one of the greatest survival stories ever.

Wildlife, Research, and the Antarctic Treaty
    Antarctica's food chain depends on krill — tiny creatures eaten by penguins, seals, and whales. Emperor penguins breed in winter at -60°C. India has two research stations: Maitri (1989) and Bharati (2012). The Antarctic Treaty (1959) ensures Antarctica is used for peaceful purposes and scientific research only, with no military activity, mining, or nuclear testing allowed.

Key Takeaways for ICSE Class VII Students
    
      Antarctica has penguins but NO polar bears (polar bears are in the Arctic)
      Amundsen reached South Pole FIRST (14 Dec 1911); Scott reached 35 days later
      Antarctica is a "cold desert" — it gets very little precipitation
      India's stations: Maitri (1989) and Bharati (2012)
      If all ice melted, sea levels would rise by 58 metres

Antarctica

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