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ICSE Class 7 Geography Question 3 of 6

Europe — Location and Physical Features — Question 5

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Question 5

Which mountains are found in the western and eastern parts of the Alpine mountain system?

Answer

Mountains found in the western part of the Alpine mountain system are:

  1. The Alps Mountains which form the centre of the Alpine mountain system and spread over most of Switzerland, and parts of Austria, France, Germany and Italy.
  2. The Pyrenees Mountains which is located between Spain and France.
  3. The Cantabrian Mountains which is located in northern Spain.
  4. The Sierra Nevada Mountains which is located in southern Spain.
  5. The Apennines Mountains which lie in the peninsula of Italy.

Mountains found in the eastern part of the Alpine mountain system are:

  1. The Carpathian Mountains which form the northern branch of Alpine mountain system.
  2. The Balkan Mountains which form the northern branch of Alpine mountain system.
  3. The Dinaric Alps Mountains which form the southern branch of Alpine mountain system.
  4. The Caucasus Mountains which are located on the eastern side of the Alpine mountain system.

ICSE Class VII Geography — Chapter 5: Study of Continents: Europe

Bright Tutorials | ICSE Class VII | Geography | Chapter 5

Europe — The Peninsula of Peninsulas

Europe is the second smallest continent (10.18 million sq km) but one of the most developed. It is part of the Eurasian landmass, separated from Asia by the Ural Mountains, Ural River, Caspian Sea, Caucasus Mountains, and Black Sea. Europe is called the "Peninsula of Peninsulas" because it is itself a peninsula of Asia and contains four major peninsulas: Iberian, Italian, Scandinavian, and Balkan.

Physical Features and the Gulf Stream

Key mountain ranges include the Alps (highest in Western Europe, Mt. Blanc 4,808 m), Ural Mountains (boundary with Asia), Pyrenees, Carpathians, and Caucasus (Mt. Elbrus 5,642 m — highest in Europe). The North European Plain is a vast fertile area from France to Russia. Major rivers: Volga (longest, 3,530 km), Danube (through 10 countries), Rhine, Thames, Seine. The Gulf Stream, a warm ocean current from the Gulf of Mexico, keeps Western Europe significantly warmer than other places at the same latitude.

Climate, Countries, and Industries

Europe has four climate types: Maritime (W, mild and rainy), Continental (E, extreme temperatures), Mediterranean (S, dry summers), and Subarctic (N, very cold). Major countries include UK (London), France (Paris), Germany (Berlin), Italy (Rome), Russia (Moscow). Key industries include automobile manufacturing (Germany), dairy farming (Denmark), wine production (France), fishing (Norway), IT (Ireland), and banking (Switzerland).

Key Takeaways for ICSE Class VII Students

  • Mt. Elbrus (5,642 m) is the highest peak in Europe, NOT Mt. Blanc
  • Volga = longest river; Danube = through most countries (10)
  • Gulf Stream is an ocean CURRENT (not a wind) that warms Western Europe
  • Know all four peninsulas and the countries in each
  • Practice marking mountains, rivers, and peninsulas on outline map