Bright Tutorials Bright Tutorials
ICSE Class 7 Geography Question 12 of 15

Europe — Location, Political Divisions and Physical Features — Question 12

Back to all questions
12
Question

Question 5(i)

What are the objectives of European Union? When was it formed?

Answer

European Union was formed for the purpose of achieving political and economic integration, reducing trade barriers and increasing cooperation among its members. Protection of natural environment and the exploitation of alternative energy sources have become the core vision for the development of Europe.

The European Union was formed on November 1st, 1993 by the Treaty of Maastricht.

ICSE Class VII Geography — Chapter 5: Study of Continents: Europe

Bright Tutorials | ICSE Class VII | Geography | Chapter 5

Europe — The Peninsula of Peninsulas

Europe is the second smallest continent (10.18 million sq km) but one of the most developed. It is part of the Eurasian landmass, separated from Asia by the Ural Mountains, Ural River, Caspian Sea, Caucasus Mountains, and Black Sea. Europe is called the "Peninsula of Peninsulas" because it is itself a peninsula of Asia and contains four major peninsulas: Iberian, Italian, Scandinavian, and Balkan.

Physical Features and the Gulf Stream

Key mountain ranges include the Alps (highest in Western Europe, Mt. Blanc 4,808 m), Ural Mountains (boundary with Asia), Pyrenees, Carpathians, and Caucasus (Mt. Elbrus 5,642 m — highest in Europe). The North European Plain is a vast fertile area from France to Russia. Major rivers: Volga (longest, 3,530 km), Danube (through 10 countries), Rhine, Thames, Seine. The Gulf Stream, a warm ocean current from the Gulf of Mexico, keeps Western Europe significantly warmer than other places at the same latitude.

Climate, Countries, and Industries

Europe has four climate types: Maritime (W, mild and rainy), Continental (E, extreme temperatures), Mediterranean (S, dry summers), and Subarctic (N, very cold). Major countries include UK (London), France (Paris), Germany (Berlin), Italy (Rome), Russia (Moscow). Key industries include automobile manufacturing (Germany), dairy farming (Denmark), wine production (France), fishing (Norway), IT (Ireland), and banking (Switzerland).

Key Takeaways for ICSE Class VII Students

  • Mt. Elbrus (5,642 m) is the highest peak in Europe, NOT Mt. Blanc
  • Volga = longest river; Danube = through most countries (10)
  • Gulf Stream is an ocean CURRENT (not a wind) that warms Western Europe
  • Know all four peninsulas and the countries in each
  • Practice marking mountains, rivers, and peninsulas on outline map