Question 1

Question 2(e)Assertion (A): Diseases like cowpox, smallpox, chickenpox are all caused by the same virus.Reason (R): The vaccine prepared for smallpox contains the fully virulent, living 'cowpox virus.Both A and R are true.Both A and R are false.A is true and R is false.A is false and R is true.

Accepted Answer

A is false and R is true.Explanation — Diseases like cowpox, smallpox, chickenpox are not caused by the same virus. Cowpox virus and smallpox viruses are similar but not the same. Chickenpox is also caused by a different virus.

Question 2

Question 1What is Vaccination? Mention the four ways in which vaccines are prepared, giving the name of one disease for which each type of vaccine is used.

Accepted Answer

Vaccination is the practice of artificially introducing germs or germ substances into the body for developing resistance to particular diseases. The material introduced into the body is called the vaccine. Usually, the vaccine is introduced into the body by injection and sometimes orally.A vaccine can be prepared by any one of the following four methods —Using killed germs — e.g. TAB vaccine for typhoid.Using living weakened germs — e.g. the vaccine for measles.Using fully virulent living germs — e.g. the vaccine for smallpox.Using Toxoids — e.g. the vaccines used for diphtheria and tetanus.

Question 3

Question 2Burns can be superficial burns, deep burns or chemical burns. What emergency care would you suggest in each case.

Accepted Answer

First aid for burns depends on the degree of burns.In the case of superficial burns, pour cold water over the burnt area. Then dry that portion and cover with sterile dressing.In the case of deep burns, never use water, and cover the injured part with dressing.In the case of chemical burns, wash with running water for 10 minutes and then cover with dressing.

Question 4

Question 3Write short notes (2-3 sentences) on the following :(a) Disease(b) Immunisation(c) Pathogen(d) AIDS(e) Vaccination(f) Vector

Accepted Answer

(a) Disease — Disease is a departure from normal health through structural or functional disorder of the body. There are two major categories of diseases — Communicable or infectious diseases and Non-Communicable or non-infectious diseases.(b) Immunization — Immunization is an artificial way of achieving protection from infections by the introduction of dead or weakened germs into one's body. Immunization is a process by which the body of an individual is made resistant to a specific disease by vaccination.(c) Pathogen — Communicable diseases are caused due to microorganisms such as viruses, bacteria, fungi, worms and protozoa. The disease causing germs are called pathogens. Pathogens spread from one person to other through air, water, food, physical contact, cuts, sexual contact and from insects like mosquitoes, flies, etc.(d) AIDS — AIDS stands for Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome. It is caused by the HIV virus. It weakens the immunity or self defence mechanism of the human body. AIDS makes the infected person prone to many other infectious diseases. It spreads through sexual contact, blood transfusion and infected syringes.(e) Vaccination — Vaccination is the practice of artificially introducing germs or germ substances into the body for developing resistance to particular diseases. The material introduced into the body is called the vaccine. When exposed to vaccines, the body makes antibodies and more or less permanent protection from infection is achieved.(f) Vector — Vectors are those organisms (eg. house flies, mosquitoes, etc.) which carry germs from a source of infection but themselves do not get the infection. For example, mosquitoes while feeding on the blood of a malaria patient, gain the germs in their bodies, and get them transferred in the blood stream of a healthy person whom they bite next.

Question 5

Question 4Given below is a crossword puzzle. Read the clues across and clues downward, and fill up the blank squares. Check up your answers with the correct solution given at the end.CLUES ACROSS (1-6)The kind of pathogen which causes diseases like common cold and mumps.These may readily grow in your hair, if you do not wash it regularly.This is the vaccine for preventing tuberculosis.The disease pertussis is popularly known as whooping ...............One of the most common insects that visit our exposed foods and contaminate them.A disease that weakens body's defence system against infections.CLUES DOWN (7-11)Germ or germ substances introduced into the body to prevent occurrence of an infectious disease.A disease in which the eyes, the skin and the urine turn yellow.An organ usually affected by tuberculosis.A disease caused by the bite of an infected dog, and which affects the central nervous system.Cover this part of your body by a handkerchief while sneezing to prevent droplet infection to others.

Accepted Answer

CLUES ACROSS (1-6)VIRUSLICEBCGCOUGHFLIESAIDSCLUES DOWN (7-11)VACCINEJAUNDICELUNGRABIESMOUTH

Question 6

Question 1(g)Mohit was playing football in the school playground with his friends. All of a sudden, he fell badly on the ground. His right hand was most likely fractured. What first-aid should be given to him?Mohit should be laid down on the ground and the fractured part should be moved continuously.Tie a sling to rest the arm on it.Apply some alkali, like baking soda on the fractured part.Apply hot water bag around the fractured part

Accepted Answer

Tie a sling to rest the arm on it.Reason — In the given case, Mohit should be laid down comfortably, and the fractured arm should not be moved. We should tie a sling upon which the arm can rest.

Question 7

Question 2(a)Define Health

Accepted Answer

Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.

Question 8

Question 2(c)Define Vaccine

Accepted Answer

A vaccine is a biological preparation that provides active acquired immunity to a particular infectious or malignant disease.

Question 9

Question 2(d)Define Toxoids

Accepted Answer

Toxoids are extracts of toxins secreted by bacteria and these poisons are made harmless by the addition of formalin to retain the capacity to produce antibodies.

Question 10

Question 2(e)Define First aid

Accepted Answer

First aid is the first and immediate assistance given to any person suffering from either a minor or serious illness or injury, with care provided to preserve life, prevent the condition from worsening, or to promote recovery until full medical treatment is available

Question 11

Question 3(a)Give two examples of Communicable diseases

Accepted Answer

Influenza, Tuberculosis

Question 12

Question 3(b)Give two examples of Non communicable diseases

Accepted Answer

Diabetes, Cardiovascular diseases

Question 13

Question 3(c)Give two examples of Viral diseases

Accepted Answer

AIDS, Chickenpox

Question 14

Question 3(d)Give two examples of Bacterial diseases

Accepted Answer

Cholera, Typhoid

Question 15

Question 3(e)Give two examples of Vectors

Accepted Answer

Mosquitoes, Houseflies

Question 16

Question 4What is a non-communicable disease? Answer in brief.

Accepted Answer

Non communicable diseases are those which are not caused by any germ, therefore these diseases cannot spread from an infected person to a healthy person (i.e., they are non transmissible). These may be caused due to improper functioning of the body organs. Example : diabetes, heart attack, etc.

Question 17

Question 5What are communicable diseases ?

Accepted Answer

Communicable diseases are those diseases which spread from an infected person to a healthy person by the entry of microorganisms or pathogens. These diseases are caused by the germs known as pathogens. Example: Chicken pox, Malaria, Typhoid, etc.

Question 18

Question 6How can we control spreading of diseases by mosquitoes and houseflies ?

Accepted Answer

We can control the spreading of diseases by mosquitoes and houseflies by using repellants, throwing garbage in covered bins, avoid stagnation of water and checking breeding of insects.

Question 19

Question 7Public hygiene is equally important as personal hygiene. Give reasons.

Accepted Answer

Public hygiene involves proper disposal of human excreta and domestic wastes. It is equally important as personal hygiene for the following reasons:Sewage should be chemically treated first before being released into the water bodies to avoid water-borne diseases. There should be proper sewage lines connected to sewage treatment plants.A healthy environment should be maintained by disposing garbage in covered bins to prevent breeding of flies, avoiding stagnation of water to prevent breeding of mosquitoes.Contamination of drinking water with faeces (animal or human excreta) should be prevented as it is a major cause of diseases.

Diseases and First Aid

Assertion Reason Type Questions

Long Answer Questions

Objective Type Questions

Short Answer Questions