Question 1

Question 2'Prevention is better than cure'. Write about general methods of prevention of communicable disease.

Accepted Answer

Diseases can be prevented by maintaining personal and community hygiene and avoiding unhealthy habits and lifestyle. Following are the general methods of preventing communicable diseases:By preventing exposure to infectious microbesTo prevent exposure to air-borne microbes, live in healthy and hygienic conditions.To prevent water-borne infections, drink clean and safe drinking water.To prevent vector-borne infections, clean your surrounding so that the disease-carrying vectors do not flourish there.By providing proper and sufficient foodThe functioning of the immune system is dependent upon the type of nutrients the body receives. Thus, eating proper and sufficient food is very necessary for prevention of a disease.

Question 2

Question 3Explain how does the body react after the entry of microbes in the body.

Accepted Answer

Our body has several natural defences such as skin, white blood cells and mucous to ward off infections.Tears wash away germs from the eyes.Mucous lining in the nasal cavity traps germs to purify inhaled air.Leucocytes (WBCs) in blood attack invading germs.Strong acid in stomach kill many germs in food.Skin acts as a barrier and keeps out most germs.Besides these natural defences, the body has a special system of defence known as the immune system. When a microbe enters a person's body, specific antibodies are produced in the blood to fight it. These antibodies provide natural resistance to the body against that particular microbe.

Question 3

Question 4How does excess alcohol and drugs consumption affect human beings?

Accepted Answer

Alcohol consumption — Alcoholic drinks slow down brain activity and weaken its control system when taken in large quantities. It also damages the liver by causing liver cirrhosis.Drug addiction — Narcotics such as cocaine, heroin, marijuana and opium are harmful substances that can lead to addiction. Once a person starts consuming drugs, a condition of either physical or psychological dependence is produced. During physical dependence, the body requires a continuos supply of drug to be effective. This is called addiction. An overdose of drugs can severely depress the central nervous system with respiratory failure leading to death.

Question 4

Question 5Write the first aid for insect and snake bites.

Accepted Answer

First aid for insect bites-Keep the person calm and remove the sting with the help of tweezers. With the help of an adult, scrap the area on the skin with a blunt knife. Do not cut.Wash the area with soap and cold water. Apply oil or vaseline and cover the area with a sterile gauze.Apply ice on the area swollen due to the sting.First aid for poisonous snake bites-The patient should be kept calm as panic enhances the heartbeat rate, which circulates the venom faster in the body.All snakebites should be considered as poisonous and treated quickly.The wound should be cleaned with an antiseptic lotion. Potassium permanganate should not be used.To limit the spread of venom, bandage the bitten limb with splint and immobilize it.Do not give any food, water or alcoholic drink to the victim as it will increase his metabolic rate.Try to draw out the venom within 5 minutes of the bite.

Question 5

Question 6What kind of first aid is given to a person bitten by a poisonous snake?

Accepted Answer

Following first aid should be given to a person bitten by a poisonous snake:The patient should be kept calm as panic enhances the heartbeat rate, which circulates the venom faster in the body.All snakebites should be considered as poisonous and treated quickly.The wound should be cleaned with an antiseptic lotion. Potassium permanganate should not be used.To limit the spread of venom, bandage the bitten limb with splint and immobilize it.Do not give any food, water or alcoholic drink to the victim as it will increase his metabolic rate.Try to draw out the venom within 5 minutes of the bite.

Question 6

Question 1Fill in the blanks numbered 1-6 in the following table and then answer the questions that follow.DiseaseType of pathogenCaused bySleeping sickness1Caused by Trypanosoma2VirusSpread through the bite of the mosquito Aedes aegyptiAIDS34Amoebic dysentery56Which of the above diseases can be controlled by mosquito control?In which of the above diseases does body lose its power to fight against diseases?

Accepted Answer

DiseaseType of pathogenCaused bySleeping sicknessProtozoan (1)Caused by TrypanosomaDengue (2)VirusSpread through the bite of the mosquito Aedes aegyptiAIDSVirus (3)Caused by HIV virus that spreads through sexual contact, blood transfusion, etc. (4)Amoebic dysenteryProtozoan (5)Caused by Entamoeba and spreads through food contaminated by housefly (6)Dengue can be controlled by mosquito control.In AIDS, body loses its power to fight against diseases.

Question 7

Question 7Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome could develop due todefective liverdefective thymusHIVWeak immune system

Accepted Answer

HIVReason — Human Immuno-deficiency virus causes AIDS which leads to the break down of immune system.

Question 8

Question 8It is the process of developing immunity or resistance against a particular disease.vaccinationpollinationimmunizationfertilization

Accepted Answer

immunizationReason — The process of making a person immune to a particular disease is called immunization.

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