Question 1

Question 4Describe different types of pollination.

Accepted Answer

Pollination can be either Natural or Artificial.Natural PollinationNatural Pollination is of two types —Self pollination — The process of transfer of pollen grains from the anthers to the stigma of the same flower, or another flower of the same plant is called self pollination.Cross pollination — The process of transfer of pollen grains from the anthers of a flower to the stigma of a flower of another plane of the same species is called cross pollination. Depending on the external agents involved, cross pollination is classified as Pollination by insects(entomophily), Pollination by wind(anemophily), pollination by water(hydrophilly) and Pollination by animals.Artificial PollinationArtificial pollination is performed by experts to produce new varieties of plants having desired characteristics. In this process two different varieties of a plant are selected and artificially pollinated to get a hybrid variety of that species. This is called hybridization.

Question 2

Question 1Asexual Reproduction and Sexual Reproduction

Accepted Answer

Sl.No.Asexual ReproductionSexual Reproduction1.The production of offsprings from a single parent without the fusion of sex cells is called Asexual Reproduction.The production of offsprings due to fusion of male and female sex cells is called Sexual Reproduction.2.Asexual Reproduction involves only one organism.Sexual Reproduction involves two organisms — male and female of the same species.3.Offspring have exactly same features as the parent.Offspring has a mix of of features of both parents.

Question 3

Question 2Binary Fission and Multiple Fission

Accepted Answer

Sl.No.Binary FissionMultiple Fission1.In Binary Fission, a unicellular organism divides into two daughter cells of roughly equal size.In Multiple Fission, a unicellular organism repeatedly divides inside the cyst to produce many daughter cells. Later the cyst breaks open releasing new organism.2.Two daughter cells are produced.Many daughter cells are formed.3.Occurs in normal conditions.Occurs in unfavourable conditions.

Question 4

Question 3Sexual Reproduction and Vegetative Propagation

Accepted Answer

Sl.No.Sexual ReproductionVegetative Propagation1.Reproduction in flowering plants which involves fusion of male and female gametes and seed formation.Reproduction in some flowering plants, in which new plants arise from a vegetative part such as root, stem or leaf etc.2.The offspring shows variation.Offspring is identical to the parent.3.Seed is formed and gives rise to a new plantPlant parts like tuber, rhizome, corm, stem, root, leaves etc. are used to grow new plants.

Question 5

Question 5Stamen and Pistil

Accepted Answer

Sl.No.StamenPistil1.Stamen is the male part of flower.Pistil is the female part of flower.2.Stamen consists of anther and filament.Pistil consists of Stigma, Style and ovary.3.Stamen releases pollen grains.The stigma in pistil receives the pollen grains.

Question 6

Question 2Draw a neat and labelled diagram of the section of a typical flower. From the parts labelled by you, name the parts matching the description given below :(a) This part attaches the flower to the shoot.(b) The flattened part of the pedicel.(c) The outermost whorl of the flower.(d) The male reproductive organ of the flower.(e) The part of carpel which receives pollen grains.

Accepted Answer

Below labelled diagram shows the section of a typical flower:(a) This part attaches the flower to the shoot — Pedicel(b) The flattened part of the pedicel — Thalamus(c) The outermost whorl of the flower — Calyx(d) The male reproductive organ of the flower — Androecium(e) The part of carpel which receives pollen grains — Stigma

Question 7

Question 3Give two features of flowers which favour pollination by insects.

Accepted Answer

Two features of flowers which favour pollination by insects are —These flowers are large with coloured petals, to attract insects.These are scented so that insects locate the flowers by the smell.

Question 8

Question 4State two characteristics of flowers in which pollination occurs by wind.

Accepted Answer

Two characteristics of flowers in which pollination occurs by wind are —They are usually small and are of dull colours.They generally have long anthers protruding out of the flowers so that pollen grains may get blown off easily.

Question 9

Question 5(c)Name the 3 main pollinating agents

Accepted Answer

3 main pollinating agents are:InsectsWindWater

Question 10

Question 5(d)Name the 2 kinds of unisexual flowers

Accepted Answer

2 kinds of unisexual flowers are:Staminate (male flower)Pistillate (female flower)

Question 11

Question 5(e)Name the 4 whorls of a bisexual flower

Accepted Answer

4 whorls of a bisexual flower are:CalyxCorollaAndroeciumGynoecium

Question 12

Question 6(a)Give reasons — Gardeners prefer to grow certain plants vegetatively.

Accepted Answer

Gardener prefer to grow certain crops by vegetative method because of the following reasons:Reproduction by vegetative parts takes place in a shorter time.New plants, thus produced, spread very fast in a small area.It is a surer method of propagation.All the good characters of the mother plant are retained by the daughter plants.

Question 13

Question 6(b)Give reasons — Artificial pollination is useful to plant breeders.

Accepted Answer

Artificial pollination is practiced by plant breeders for developing new varieties. The breeders select two different varieties of a crop plant with desired characteristics. For example, one variety maybe high yielding while the other maybe disease-resistant. Cross breeding between them is done by artificial pollination. Many high-yielding varieties of rice, wheat, maize, etc. have been produced by this process.

Question 14

Question 9Fertilization takes place inside theovaryovuleovumgynoecium

Accepted Answer

ovuleReason — When a pollen grain reaches the stigma, it begins to grow a pollen tube that travels down through the style to reach the ovules inside the ovary. A male gamete or male sex cell travels down each pollen tube and fuses with the egg cell (or a female gamete) inside an ovule.

Question 15

Question 10A plant embryo consists ofcotyledons and embryonal axisplumule and radicleplumule and cotyledonscotyledons, embryonal axis and radicle

Accepted Answer

cotyledons and embryonal axisReason — After fertilization, the zygote (fertilized egg) divides and grows into an embryo which has two cotyledons and an embryonal axis.

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