Question 1

Question 1Discuss the ascent of sap with the help of a neatly labelled diagram.

Accepted Answer

Ascent of sap in plants is described below:Root hair cells absorb mineral salts mainly by active transport. The mineral salts then reach the root cortex.Root hair cells also absorb water from the soil through osmosis.As mineral salts get accumulated in the xylem, the water concentration gets reduced in it. This creates a concentration gradient that is strong enough to draw water and minerals to move towards the stem. The pressure developed in the roots due to the continuous inflow of water helps in pushing the plant sap upwards. It is called root pressure.Further on, water moves through the xylem up the stem, then to the leaves. This happens due to a pull created by transpiration. It is called transpiration pull.Water and minerals absorbed by roots are conducted upwards through xylem to other plant parts. This upward movement of cell sap, which contains water and minerals, is called ascent of sap.

Question 2

Question 4Write about the different parts of the female reproductive system of human beings.

Accepted Answer

The reproductive system in females consists of a pair of ovaries, the fallopian tubes or oviducts and the uterus. The ovaries are almond-sized oval glands situated in the pelvic or hip region. They produce the eggs or ova. The mature egg moves through funnel-shaped muscular tubes called fallopian tubes or oviducts towards the uterus. The uterus lies in the lower abdomen behind and above the urinary bladder. The uterus is a hollow, muscular pear-shaped organ. It is in the uterus that the zygote develops into a baby. The lower part of the uterus is called cervix. The cervix is narrow and opens to the outside through a muscular tube called the vagina. The vagina receives the sperms. It also serves as the birth canal through which the mature baby is delivered.

Question 3

Question 5Explain the flow of energy in a food chain with the help of a diagram.

Accepted Answer

Green plants convert solar energy into chemical energy present in food. Some energy gets stored in plants while the rest is used up by them. When the plants are eaten by herbivores, the energy stored in them is transferred to herbivores. Herbivores use some of the energy for their activities and store a part of it in their body. This stored energy is further transferred to carnivores when they eat herbivores. Thus, as one organism eats the other, energy passes on from producers to herbivores and then to carnivores. The given diagram shows the flow of energy in a food chain:

Question 4

Question 2Diffusion and active transport

Accepted Answer

Sl.No.DiffusionActive transport1.It is the movement of molecules or ions of a substance from a region of their higher concentration to a region of their lower concentration.It is the movement of ions of a substance from their lower concentration region to their higher concentration region using energy.2.It is the movement of solute or solvent molecules.It is the movement of ions only (no water).3.No cell energy is needed.Cell energy is needed in the form of ATP.4.It occurs through a non-living permeable membrane.It occurs through a living selectively permeable membrane.

Question 5

Question 3Auricles and Ventricles

Accepted Answer

Sl.No.AuriclesVentricles1.Upper two chambers of heart are called Auricles.Lower chambers of heart are called ventricles.2.They have thinner walls than ventricles.They have thick walls.3.They receive blood from different part of the body.They pump blood out of heart.

Question 6

Question 6Food chain and Food web

Accepted Answer

Sl.No.Food chainFood web1.A series of organisms that are linked to each other through a process of eating and being eaten form a food chain.Several food chains are interconnected to form a food web.2.It is basic chain showing flow of energy.It is a complex network showing flow of energy at different trophic levels in different food chains.

Question 7

Question 7Green plants that fix the solar energy constitute second trophic level.

Accepted Answer

FalseCorrect statement — Green plants that fix the solar energy constitute first trophic level.

Test Paper 1

Answer the following in detail

Differentiate between

Write true or false. Correct the false statements