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ICSE Class 8 Geography Question 1 of 10

Asia — Climate and Natural Vegetation — Question 3

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Question 2(a)

How are winter monsoon different from summer monsoon?

Answer
Sl.
No.		Winter MonsoonSummer Monsoon
1.High pressure in central Asia causes winds to blow outwards. These winds pick up moisture and cause winter monsoon.Low pressure in central Asia causes winds to blow inwards. These winds gather moisture from Indian ocean and Pacific ocean and cause Summer Monsoon.
2.They cause rainfall in coastal regions of Japan, South-east Asia, South-east India and Sri Lanka.They cause rainfall in southern part of Asia.
3.They cause less rainfall.They cause heavy rainfall.
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ICSE Class VIII | Academic Year 2026-2027
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Geography | Chapter 3: Natural VegetationWeb Content

Natural Vegetation — Interactive Study Guide

Vegetation Types — Memory Card

Remember: “Every Mother Drives To Mountain”

(Evergreen, Moist Deciduous, Dry Deciduous, Thorn, Mountain) — in decreasing order of rainfall

TypeRainfallKey TreesWhere in India
Tropical Evergreen>200 cmMahogany, ebony, rosewoodWestern Ghats, NE India, Andaman
Moist Deciduous100–200 cmTeak, sal, bambooEastern Western Ghats, NE plains
Dry Deciduous70–100 cmNeem, peepal, palasCentral India
Thorn & Scrub<75 cmBabool, cactus, khejriRajasthan, Gujarat
MangroveCoastal tidalSundari, rhizophoraSundarbans, Gujarat coast
Mountain/AlpineVariesDeodar, pine, firHimalayas

Himalayan Vegetation Zones

As you go UP the Himalayas, vegetation changes:

  1. Up to 1000 m: Tropical Deciduous (teak, sal)
  2. 1000–2000 m: Wet Temperate (oak, chestnut)
  3. 2000–3000 m: Coniferous (deodar, pine, fir)
  4. 3000–4000 m: Alpine Meadows (grasses, flowers)
  5. Above 4000 m: Tundra → permanent snow

Conservation Quick Facts

Protected AreaStateFamous For
Jim Corbett NPUttarakhandFirst national park (1936); Bengal Tiger
Kaziranga NPAssamOne-horned Rhinoceros
Gir NPGujaratOnly home of Asiatic Lion
Sundarbans NPWest BengalRoyal Bengal Tiger; largest mangrove

Key Conservation Movements

  • Chipko Movement (1973): Uttarakhand; villagers hugged trees to prevent cutting
  • Van Mahotsav: Tree planting festival in first week of July every year
  • Project Tiger (1973): Launched to protect Bengal tigers

Test Yourself

  1. Why do evergreen forests remain green throughout the year? Answer: Because they receive over 200 cm rainfall and trees shed leaves at different times (not all at once), so the forest always appears green.
  2. What are pneumatophores? Answer: Breathing roots of mangrove trees that stick up above the waterlogged soil to absorb oxygen.
  3. Why are deciduous forests commercially more important than evergreen forests? Answer: Because they have fewer species mixed together, making it easier to harvest commercially valuable trees like teak and sal.
  4. What percentage of India should be under forests according to the National Forest Policy? Answer: 33%

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