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ICSE Class 8 Geography Question 3 of 12

Asia: Climate, Natural Vegetation and Wildlife — Question 4

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Question 4

Compare and contrast the natural vegetation of equatorial region and Tundra region.

Answer
Natural vegetation of Equatorial regionNatural vegetation of Tundra region
Evergreen rain forests are found in Malaysia, Indonesia and parts of Philippines.This type of vegetation is found in northern Russia, bordering the Arctic ocean.
These forests consist of a variety of trees, palms and ferns with dense undergrowth of shrubs and creepers. Examples of trees are rosewood, ebony etc. This area receives a large amount of rainfall due to hot and wet climate.The vegetation consists of mosses and lichens. This area is covered with snow for most of the year.
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Geography | Chapter 3: Natural VegetationWeb Content

Natural Vegetation — Interactive Study Guide

Vegetation Types — Memory Card

Remember: “Every Mother Drives To Mountain”

(Evergreen, Moist Deciduous, Dry Deciduous, Thorn, Mountain) — in decreasing order of rainfall

TypeRainfallKey TreesWhere in India
Tropical Evergreen>200 cmMahogany, ebony, rosewoodWestern Ghats, NE India, Andaman
Moist Deciduous100–200 cmTeak, sal, bambooEastern Western Ghats, NE plains
Dry Deciduous70–100 cmNeem, peepal, palasCentral India
Thorn & Scrub<75 cmBabool, cactus, khejriRajasthan, Gujarat
MangroveCoastal tidalSundari, rhizophoraSundarbans, Gujarat coast
Mountain/AlpineVariesDeodar, pine, firHimalayas

Himalayan Vegetation Zones

As you go UP the Himalayas, vegetation changes:

  1. Up to 1000 m: Tropical Deciduous (teak, sal)
  2. 1000–2000 m: Wet Temperate (oak, chestnut)
  3. 2000–3000 m: Coniferous (deodar, pine, fir)
  4. 3000–4000 m: Alpine Meadows (grasses, flowers)
  5. Above 4000 m: Tundra → permanent snow

Conservation Quick Facts

Protected AreaStateFamous For
Jim Corbett NPUttarakhandFirst national park (1936); Bengal Tiger
Kaziranga NPAssamOne-horned Rhinoceros
Gir NPGujaratOnly home of Asiatic Lion
Sundarbans NPWest BengalRoyal Bengal Tiger; largest mangrove

Key Conservation Movements

  • Chipko Movement (1973): Uttarakhand; villagers hugged trees to prevent cutting
  • Van Mahotsav: Tree planting festival in first week of July every year
  • Project Tiger (1973): Launched to protect Bengal tigers

Test Yourself

  1. Why do evergreen forests remain green throughout the year? Answer: Because they receive over 200 cm rainfall and trees shed leaves at different times (not all at once), so the forest always appears green.
  2. What are pneumatophores? Answer: Breathing roots of mangrove trees that stick up above the waterlogged soil to absorb oxygen.
  3. Why are deciduous forests commercially more important than evergreen forests? Answer: Because they have fewer species mixed together, making it easier to harvest commercially valuable trees like teak and sal.
  4. What percentage of India should be under forests according to the National Forest Policy? Answer: 33%

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