(a) When light ray AO passes from air (rarer medium) to water (denser medium), it bends towards the normal as shown below.

(b) When light ray AO travels from water (denser medium) to air (rarer medium), it bends away from the normal as shown in the diagram below.

(c) When light ray AO is incident normally to the surface, it passes undeviated as shown in the figure below.



