Question 1

Question 1Differentiate between:(a) Antiseptic and antibiotic(b) Antiseptic and disinfectant(c) Disinfectant and deodorant(d) Vaccination and sterilization(e) Active Immunity and passive immunity(f) Innate immunity and acquired immunity

Accepted Answer

(a) Antiseptic and AntibioticAntisepticAntibioticIt is a mild chemical substance applied to the body to kill germs.It is a chemical substance produced by the microbes which kills or hinders the growth of microbes.(b) Antiseptic and DisinfectantAntisepticDisinfectantThese are mild chemical substances which, when applied on the body, kill germs. These substances cause no harm to the skin and body.These are strong chemical substances that are applied on spots and places where germs thrive and multiply.(c) Disinfectant and DeodorantDisinfectantDeodorantThese are strong chemical substances that are applied on spots and places where germs thrive and multiply.They are neither antiseptics nor disinfectants. They are used to mask bad smell and are aerosols.(d) Vaccination and SterilizationVaccinationSterilizationIt is the practice of artificially introducing the germs or the germ substance into the body for developing resistance to particular diseases.Process of elimination of microbes from a surface contained in a fluid, in compound such as biological culture media or in medication.(e) Active immunity and Passive immunityActive ImmunityPassive ImmunityDeveloped by an individual due to a previous infection or antigen which naturally enters the body.Immunity provided to an individual from an outside source as readymade antibodies.(f) Innate immunity and Acquired immunityInnate ImmunityAcquired ImmunityIt is the immunity by the virtue of genetic constitutional makeup, i.e. it is inherited from parents. It is present in the body without any external stimulation or a previous infection.It is the resistance to a disease the body acquires in his lifetime.

Question 2

Question 2The principle of vaccination is to produce immunity against a disease. Explain.

Accepted Answer

Vaccination is artificially introducing germs or its substances in the body in order to develop resistance to a particular disease.This practice is scientifically referred to as prophylaxis and the material being introduced into the body is called the vaccine.The vaccine or germ substance is introduced into the body usually by injection or orally sometimes.Inside the body, the vaccine stimulates lymphocytes to produce antibodies against the germs for that particular disease.Antibodies are an integral part of our immunity. Their function is to destroy the unwanted particles which enter the body.Vaccines give our immunity a signal to synthesize particular antibodies therefore the principal of vaccination is to provide immunity against a disease.

Question 3

Question 4Explain briefly, the role of the following health aids:(a) Antiseptics(b) Disinfectants(c) Vaccines

Accepted Answer

(a) Antiseptics — Antiseptics are mild chemical substance applied to the body to prevent its growth and kill germs. Example – Iodine and Lysol(b) Disinfectants — These are the chemicals that kill microbes once they come in contact with them, they are too strong to be used on the body. Example – Phenol and Cresol(c) Vaccines — They are the substances that are administered in the body to provide passive immunity. These are the materials that are germs or secreted by germs. Example – DTP, OPV

Question 4

Question 1(viii)The slimy secretion of the epithelial lining of the various organs is called:AntisepticAntibodiesBoth (i) & (ii)Mucus

Accepted Answer

MucusReason — The slimy secretion of the epithelial lining of the various organs is called mucus. It traps bacteria.

Question 5

Question 1(ix)Which of the following is not a germ-killing secretion?BloodSalivaTearsSweat

Accepted Answer

BloodReason — Saliva, Tears and Sweat are germ-killing secretion.

Question 6

Question 1(x)Antibody is a blood serum protein produced in response to:AntitoxinsAntibioticsAntigensAntiseptics

Accepted Answer

AntigensReason — Antibody is formed in our body in response to foreign antigen.

Question 7

Question 1(xi)A biology teacher asked her students to give two examples of antiseptics, which can be used to kill germs.Prerna said: Boric acid and 40% Formalin.Shreya said: Benzoic acid and Bordeaux mixture.Rahul said: Carbolic acid and Boric acid.Rishi said: Mercurochrome and Benzoic acid.Who were correct ?Prerna and ShreyaShreya and RahulRahul and RishiRishi and Prerna

Accepted Answer

Rahul and RishiReason — Boric acid is used as an antiseptic for eyes and wounds. Benzoic acid is used as a mild antiseptic and food preservative. Carbolic acid is used as early antiseptic (used with caution). Mercurochrome is used on cuts and wounds as an antiseptic.

Question 8

Question 3Given below is a table of certain vaccines, the diseases against which they are used and the nature of vaccine. Fill up the gaps 1 – 10.VaccineDisease(s)The nature of vaccineTAB1. __________2. __________Salk’s vaccine3. __________4. __________BCG5. __________Living weakened germsVaccine for measlesMeasles6. __________Cowpox virus7. __________8. __________Toxoids9. __________ and10. __________Inactivated toxinssecreted by bacteria

Accepted Answer

VaccineDisease(s)The nature of vaccineTAB1. Typhoid2. Killed germsSalk’s vaccine3. Poliomyelitis4. Killed germsBCG5. TuberculosisLiving weakened germsVaccine for measlesMeasles6. Living weakened germsCowpox virus7. Small pox8. Living fully poisonous germsToxoids9. Diphtheria and10. TetanusInactivated toxinssecreted by bacteria

Question 9

Question 5Choose the odd one out and write the category for the remaining terms.(a) Carbolic acid, Formalin, Benzoic acid, Boric acid(b) Mercurochrome, Cresol, Phenol, Bordeaux mixture(c) ATP, DPT, BCG, TAB(d) Saliva, Sweat, Skin, Tears(e) Chloromycetin, Streptomyces, Streptomycin, Aureomycin

Accepted Answer

(a) Odd one out— Formalin (disinfectant)Carbolic acid, Benzoic acid, Boric acid — antiseptic(b) Odd one out— Mercurochrome (antiseptic)Cresol, Phenol, Bordeaux mixture — disinfectant(c) Odd one out— ATP (energy providing compound formed during respiration)DPT, BCG, TAB — Vaccine(d) Odd one out— SkinSaliva, Sweat, Tears — germ killing secretions(e) Odd one out— Streptomyces (bacterium)Chloromycetin, Streptomycin, Aureomycin — antibiotics

Question 10

Question 6List any four ways in which the antibiotics are being used.

Accepted Answer

Four applications of antibiotics:Antibiotics have a wide use in medicine to fight infections.Certain antibiotics are used as food preservatives, specially fresh meat and fish.Some antibiotics are used in treating animal feed to prevent internal infection.Some antibiotics are used for controlling plant pathogens.

Question 11

Question 7List the merits of local defence system.

Accepted Answer

Merits of local defence system are:Local defence systems start working instantaneously.These systems are not dependent on previous exposure to infections.They are effective against a wide range of potentially infectious agents.

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