Question 1

Question 2(iv)Assertion (A): Taeniasis is the disease caused by tapeworms. It spreads by eating infected pork or beef.Reason (R): Pigs or cows accidentally ingest the eggs of tapeworm which later on form larval stages. These larvae settle in the muscles of pigs or cows.A is True and R is False.A is False and R is True.Both A and R are True.Both A and R are False.

Accepted Answer

Both A and R are True.Reason — Taeniasis is caused by: Taenia solium (from infected pork) or Taenia saginata (from infected beef). Humans get the disease by eating undercooked or raw meat containing larval cysts of the tapeworm.The tapeworm eggs, passed in human feces, can contaminate food or water sources. Pigs or cows ingest these eggs, which develop into larvae (cysticerci) in their muscles.

Question 2

Question 1Write very briefly about the following:(a) BCG(b) Incubation period(c) Chicken pox(d) Hepatitis A

Accepted Answer

(a) BCG — BCG (Bacillus Calmette Guerin) is a vaccine which is effective against the bacterial disease tuberculosis(TB). It develops immunity to tuberculosis.(b) Incubation period — Incubation period is the period between the entry of germs and appearance of the first symptoms of the disease. All infectious diseases have a certain incubation period.(c) Chicken pox — The disease is a contagious disease occurring mainly in children, and is caused by Herpes Varicella zoster virus. The disease rapidly spreads through close contact with the person infected.(d) Hepatitis A — It is caused by the Hepatitis A virus and is a viral disease that results in liver inflammation. It is transferred primarily through contaminated water and food.

Question 3

Question 2What are the causes and symptoms of malaria, chicken pox and tuberculosis? How can these diseases be prevented?

Accepted Answer

The causes, symptoms and preventive measures of these diseases are as given below:MalariaCauses — Protozoan, Plasmodium.Symptoms — Chills, high fever, profuse sweating, severe headache, nausea, vomiting, fatigue and body pain.Preventive measures — Avoid mosquito bites using mosquito repellents and nets avoid being around stagnant water.Chicken PoxCauses — Virus, Varicella zoster.Symptoms — Rashes near the back and the chest eventually spreading to arms, face, legs and head.Preventive measures — Active immunisation by administering live attenuated vaccine containing Varicella.TuberculosisCauses — Mycobacterium tuberculosis.Symptoms — Persistent cough, afternoon fever, bloody mucus, loss of weight, fatigue and chest pain.Preventive measures — BCG vaccination and isolation of the patient.

Question 4

Question 5Distinguish between:(a) Pandemic and Sporadic diseases(b) Communicable and non-communicable diseases(c) Allergens and carcinogens(d) Endemic and Epidemic diseases(e) Pathogen and Vector

Accepted Answer

(a) Difference between pandemic and sporadic diseases :Pandemic diseasesSporadic diseasesA pandemic disease is an outbreak of a disease that occurs over a wide geographic area and affects an exceptionally high proportion of the population.Sporadic diseases are characterized by the occurrence of isolated individual cases or occasional outbreaks of a disease.Example: AIDS, COVID-19Example: Malaria, Cholera(b) Difference between communicable and non-communicable diseases :Communicable diseasesNon-communicable diseasesThey are transmitted from infected person to healthy person.They are non-transmissible.They are caused by germs.They are not caused by germs.Example: Cholera, Malaria.Example: Diabetes, beri-beri.(c) Difference between allergens and carcinogens :AllergensCarcinogensAny agent that causes allergy is called an allergen.Any agent that causes cancer is called a carcinogen.Allergens cause the immune system to overreact producing an allergic response.Carcinogens cause cancer by damaging DNA or interfering with cellular processes, leading to uncontrolled cell growth and the formation of tumors.Example: Dust, Smoke, PollenExample: Tobacco, Radiations, Pollutants(d) Difference between endemic and epidemic diseases :Endemic diseasesEpidemic diseasesAn endemic disease is found in a certain area only attacking a fewer number of people.An epidemic disease breaks out and spreads from place to place affecting large number of people at the same time.Example: Yellow fever in African countries, Goitre in Sub-Himalayan region.Example: Plague in India in 1994, H1N1 influenza pandemic in 2009.(e) Difference between pathogen and vector :PathogenVectorA pathogen is a microorganism or agent that can cause disease in a host organism.A vector is an organism or agent that can transmit a pathogen from one host to another.Pathogen are generally bacteria, virus, protozoa etc.Vector are generally mosquitoes, flies, rats, etc.Example: Plasmodium, Mycobacterium tuberculosisExample: Aedes mosquito, Tsetse fly, Rats.

Question 5

Question 1(ix)Which of following transmits the pathogens of sleeping sickness?HouseflyButterflyDragonflyTsetsefly

Accepted Answer

TsetseflyReason — Tsetsefly transmits the pathogens of sleeping sickness.

Question 6

Question 1(x)In hepatitis, the virus causes an inflammation ofLungKidneyLiverStomach

Accepted Answer

LiverReason — In hepatitis, the virus causes an inflammation of liver.

Question 7

Question 1(xi)Which of the following statements about HIV is correct?HIV primarily attacks red blood cells, leading to anemia.HIV weakens the immune system, which can lead to cancer.HIV is caused by a bacterium and can be treated with antibiotics.HIV infection is detectable immediately after exposure.

Accepted Answer

HIV weakens the immune system, which can lead to cancer.Reason — HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) attacks the body's immune system, particularly the white blood cells. Over time, this weakens the immune system, making the body vulnerable to opportunistic infections and certain types of cancer.

Question 8

Question 3Mention whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F).(a) Filariasis is transmitted by the housefly.(b) Malaria is caused by a protozoan.(c) BCG vaccine is used for chicken pox.(d) Louis Pasteur discovered a cure for malaria.(e) AIDS is caused by a bacterium.(f) HIV is a serious disease, usually fatal.(g) AIDS is not transmitted by contact with a patient's clothes.(h) Chicken pox and hepatitis are bacterial diseases.(i) Goitre is endemic in sub-Himalayan regions of India.(j) AIDS is caused by a fungus.(k) Hay fever and asthma are allergies.(l) Smallpox still occurs in India.(m) The disease filariasis is caused by the bite of female anopheles mosquito.

Accepted Answer

(a) FalseCorrected Statement — Filariasis is transmitted by Culex Mosquito.(b) True(c) FalseCorrected Statement — BCG vaccine is used for Tuberculosis.(d) FalseCorrected Statement — Louis Pasteur discovered Anthrax vaccine.(e) FalseCorrected Statement — AIDS is caused by a virus named HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus).(f) True(g) True(h) FalseCorrected Statement — Chicken pox and hepatitis are viral diseases.(i) True(j) FalseCorrected Statement — AIDS is caused by a virus named HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus).(k) True(l) FalseCorrected Statement — Small pox was eradicated from India in 1979.(m) FalseCorrected Statement — The disease filariasis is caused by the bite of culex mosquito.

Question 9

Question 6Match the terms given in Column A with those of column B:Column AColumn BAllergyThalassemiaMetabolic diseaseCataractGenetic diseaseLeukemiaDegenerative diseaseHay feverCancerDiabetes mellitus

Accepted Answer

Column AColumn BAllergyHay feverMetabolic diseaseDiabetes mellitusGenetic diseaseThalassemiaDegenerative diseaseCataractCancerLeukemia

Question 10

Question 7The first pair indicates the kind of relationship that exists between the first two terms. Rewrite and complete the second pair on a similar basis:(a) April 7 : World health day :: December 1 : ...............(b) Malaria: Plasmodium :: Filariasis : ...............(c) Hepatitis: Liver :: Tuberculosis : ...............(d) Mumps: Viral disease :: Typhoid : ...............(e) Covid- 19: Pandemic :: Yellow fever : ...............

Accepted Answer

(a) April 7 : World health day :: December 1 : World Aids day.(b) Malaria: Plasmodium :: Filariasis : Wuchereria bancrofti.(c) Hepatitis: Liver :: Tuberculosis : Lungs.(d) Mumps: Viral disease :: Typhoid : Bacterial.(e) Covid- 19: Pandemic :: Yellow fever : Endemic.

Question 11

Question 8Choose the odd one out and write the category for the remaining terms:(a) Cholera, Typhoid, Malaria, Tuberculosis(b) Hepatitis, Ascariasis, Chicken pox, Poliomyelitis(c) Elephantiasis, Ascariasis, Taeniasis, Hepatitis(d) Depression, Beri-beri, Scurvy, Night-blindness(e) Malaria, Amoebiasis, Sleeping sickness, Cataract

Accepted Answer

(a) Odd one out — MalariaCholera, Typhoid, Tuberculosis — Bacterial Diseases(b) Odd one out — AscariasisHepatitis, Chicken pox, Poliomyelitis — Viral diseases(c) Odd one out — HepatitisElephantiasis, Ascariasis, Taeniasis — Diseases caused by parasitic worms.(d) Odd one out — DepressionBeri-beri, Scurvy, Night-blindness — Deficiency diseases(e) Odd one out — CataractMalaria, Amoebiasis, Sleeping sickness — Protozoan disease.

Diseases: Cause and Control

Assertion Reason Type

Long Answer Type

Multiple Choice Type

Very Short Answer Type