Question 1

Question 2(v)Assertion (A): Clitellum is the glandular skin which surrounds the body of an earthworm at its posterior end.Reason (R) : Clitellum serves in reproduction.A is True and R is False.A is False and R is True.Both A and R are True.Both A and R are False.

Accepted Answer

A is False and R is True.Reason — The clitellum is a glandular, thickened region of the skin in earthworms, but it is located near the anterior (front) end, not the posterior end. The clitellum plays a crucial role in reproduction

Question 2

Question 1Distinguish between the following pairs :(a) Invertebrates and vertebrates(b) Ectothermal and Homeothermal animals(c) Monera and Protista(d) Bryophytes and Pteridophytes(e) Roundworms and Ringed worms

Accepted Answer

(a) Difference between Invertebrates and vertebrates:InvertebratesVertebratesNo internal skeleton.They have an internal skeleton.Backbone is not present.Backbone is present.Tail is absent.Tail is present.Heart is present on dorsal side.Heart is on ventral side of the bodyNerve cord is ventral and solid.Nerve cord is dorsal and hollow.Three or more pairs of limbs, if present.Two pairs of limbs.Haemoglobin, if present, is dissolved.Haemoglobin is present in red blood cells.(b) Difference between Ectothermal and Homeothermal animals:Ectothermal animalsHomeothermal animalsInternal body temperature relies on external temperature.A constant internal temperature is maintained which is not affected by external temperature.Example - Amphibians, ReptilesExample - Mammals, Aves(c) Difference between Monera and Protista:MoneraProtistaThey are prokaryotes.They are eukaryotes.Membrane bound cell organelles are absent.Membrane bound cell organelles are present.Example - BacteriaExample - Amoeba, Euglena(d) Difference between Bryophytes and Pteridophytes:BryophytesPteridophytesTrue leaves, stems or roots are absent.True leaves, stems or roots are present.Non-vascularVascularExample - Moss, liverwortExample - Fern(e) Difference between Roundworms and Ringed worms:RoundwormsRinged wormsBelong to Phylum Nematoda.Belong to Phylum Annelida.Soft, round, cylindrical body.Soft, cylindrical ring-like segmented body.False body cavity present.True body cavity present.

Question 3

Question 1(xi)Identify the invertebrate phyla P and Q based on the characteristics given below :CharacteristicsInvertebrate PhylaUsually have a skeleton of microscopic spicules or elastic spongin fibres.PSoft, round, cylindrical body with a false body cavity.QP — Porifera, Q — CnidariaP — Cnidaria, Q — PlatyhelminthesP — Porifera, Q — NematodaP — Nematoda, Q — Cnidaria

Accepted Answer

P — Porifera, Q — NematodaReason — Members of Porifera (sponges) have bodies supported by spicules which provide structure. Nematodes (roundworms) have a pseudocoelom (false body cavity), and their body is soft, cylindrical, and unsegmented.

Question 4

Question 2Define the terms:(a) Species(b) Clitellum(c) Moulting(d) Diaphragm(e) Nocturnal animals

Accepted Answer

(a) Species — Species means an organism of particular kind whose members can interbreed among themselves to produce fertile young ones.(b) Clitellum — The clitellum is a specialized reproductive structure found in certain annelids, particularly in earthworms. It is a short cylindrical band of thick glandular skin that surrounds the body like a belt and is around one-third distance of the body from the front end in the segments 14-16.(c) Moulting — The casting off and the regrowing of the exoskeleton is collectively called moulting. It occurs in Arthropods.(d) Diaphragm — A muscular structure separating thorax and abdomen internally in mammals is called diaphragm.(e) Nocturnal animals — Animals that are active during night are known as nocturnal animals.

Question 5

Question 3Write the specific location and function of:(a) Microscopic spicules or elastic spongin fibre(b) Tentacles(c) Parapodium(d) Fins(e) Feathers

Accepted Answer

(a) Microscopic spicules or elastic spongin fibre.Location — It forms the skeleton of Sponges.Function — Structural support and defense against predators.(b) TentaclesLocation — around mouth in Coelentrates.Function — To catch food organisms.(c) ParapodiumLocation — Found in certain marine annelids. Usually located on either side of a segment, extending outward from the body wall. Function — Locomotion.(d) FinsLocation — Found in Class Pisces (Fishes) organisms. They have fins instead of limbs.Function — Swimming.(e) FeathersLocation — Found in Class Aves (Birds) organisms. They have an exoskeleton of feathers.Function — To facilitate flying.

Question 6

Question 6Match the names of animal groups in Column I with the names of animals in column II.Column I (Group)Column II (Animals)AnnelidaPigeonPoriferaSnakeMolluscaEarthwormReptiliaSpongeAmphibiaOctopusPiscesTroutMammalRabbitWhich names are left out that do not match and why?

Accepted Answer

Column IColumn IIAnnelidaEarthwormPoriferaSpongeMolluscaOctopusReptiliaSnakePiscesTroutMammalRabbitAmphibia from Column I and Pigeon from column II are left out. They do not match as Pigeon comes under Class Aves and not Class Amphibia.

Question 7

Question 8Why are scientific names of living beings considered better than their common names?

Accepted Answer

In science, people from different countries with different languages have to read about each others research. So, it was necessary to eliminate any possible confusion created by local names. Scientific names are based on certain rules which are universal. They are unique and can be used to identify an organism anywhere around the world. That is why, scientific names of living beings are considered better than their common names.

Question 8

Question 9Mention any two drawbacks in classifying organisms under the old two kingdom classification.

Accepted Answer

Carolus Linnaeus In 1758, anciently divided all living organisms into two kingdoms : The drawbacks of this classification are:Bacteria were kept in Kingdom Plantae. These organisms have no chlorophyll and do not carry out photosynthesis. Bacteria do not have a definite nucleus nor a nuclear membrane nor chromosomes.Fungi were kept in Kingdom Plantae. Bread mould is a multicellular fungi. However, it does not possess roots, stem and leaves, lacks chlorophyll and does bear any flowers, fruits and seeds like plants.

Question 9

Question 10All humans on earth today may differ widely in their facial features, colour, height, etc. Yet, they belong to a single species Homo sapiens. Give one reason why they are not considered belonging to different species.

Accepted Answer

Species means an organism of a particular kind whose members can interbreed among themselves to produce fertile young ones.All humans on the earth today may differ widely in their facial features, colour, height, etc. Yet, they belong to a single species Homo sapiens because they can interbreed among themselves and produce a normal offspring.

Question 10

Question 12Mention any one major similarity and one major difference in the following pairs of animals:(a) Insects and Birds(b) Whales and Fishes(c) Snakes and Earthworms(d) Bat and Pigeon(e) Cuttlefish and Dogfish(f) Wall lizard and Frog

Accepted Answer

(a) Insects and BirdsSimilarity — Both Insects and Birds have wings.Difference — Insects are invertebrates whereas birds as vertebrates.(b) Whales and FishesSimilarity — Both Whales and Fishes are aquatic.Difference — Whales breathe through lungs whereas fishes breathe through gills.(c) Snakes and EarthwormsSimilarity — Both Snakes and Earthworms do not have any limbs.Difference — Earthworms are invertebrates whereas snakes are vertebrates.(d) Bat and PigeonSimilarity — Both Bat and Pigeon breathe through lungs.Difference — Bats have external ears whereas pigeons have internal ears.(e) Cuttlefish and DogfishSimilarity — Both Cuttlefish and Dogfish are marine animals.Difference — Dogfish is a vertebrate whereas cuttlefish is an invertebrate.(f) Wall lizard and FrogSimilarity — Both Wall lizard and Frog are cold-blooded.Difference — Wall lizards live on land whereas frogs can live both on land and water.

Question 11

Question 4TYRANNOSAURUS (One of the extinct animals which lived on the Earth about 100,000,000 years ago) Tyrannosaurus was about six metres long and it preyed upon other animals.What do you think about its classification — was it an amphibian, a reptile or a mammal? Can you call it a relative of Kangaroo? Yes/No. Give reason

Accepted Answer

Tyrannosaurus are reptile.Tyrannosaurus is not a relative of Kangaroo as Kangaroo is a mammal and Tyrannosaurus is a reptile.Characteristics of Tyrannosaurus:Body had scales which can be horny.Lays eggs that have a leathery shell.Had three-chambered heart as ventricles are partially divided.Cold-blooded animals.

Question 12

Question 7Given below is a list of ten animals each followed by three terms or features. Underline the term which does not match with the animal.Amoeba — Nucleus, tentacle, food vacuole.Hydra — Invertebrata, Cnidaria, Crustacea.Fish — Gills, paired fins, ear drum.Earthworm — Invertebrata, Annelida, Insecta.Grasshopper— Wings, trachea, proboscis.Butterfly— Insecta, Invertebrata, Mollusca.Whale — Gills, mammary glands, fat under the skin.Pigeon — Feathers, wings, hair.Monkey — External ear, sweat glands, lateral line.Bat — Aves, Mammalia, Chordata.

Accepted Answer

For each of the animal, below is the term which does not match with the animal:Amoeba — tentacleHydra — CrustaceaFish — ear drumEarthworm — InsectaGrasshopper — proboscisButterfly — MolluscaWhale — GillsPigeon — hairMonkey — lateral lineBat — Aves

Five Kingdom Classification

Assertion Reason Type

Long Answer Type

Multiple Choice Type

Short Answer Type

Structured Application Skill Type

Very Short Answer Type