Question 1

Question 2(vi)Assertion (A): Both kwashiorkor and marasmus are caused due to the deficiency of fat. Usually, old aged people are affected with these diseases.Reason (R): Kwashiorkor and marasmus are protein deficiency diseases usually affecting children.A is True and R is False.A is False and R is True.Both A and R are True.Both A and R are False.

Accepted Answer

A is False and R is True.Reason — Kwashiorkor and marasmus are primarily caused by protein and carbohydrate deficiencies, not fat alone. These diseases affects young children, especially in areas with malnutrition.These diseases are protein deficiency diseases and mostly affect infants and young children.

Question 2

Question 1Distinguish between the following pairs on the basis of the words indicated in the brackets :(a) Monosaccharides and Disaccharides (Number of carbon atoms)(b) Kwashiorkor and Marasmus (Age)(c) Tocopherol and Pantothenic acid (Solubility)(d) Malnutrition and Under-nutrition (Definition)(e) Iron and Iodine. (Deficiency diseases)

Accepted Answer

(a) Difference between Monosaccharides and Disaccharides (Number of carbon atoms):MonosaccharidesDisaccharidesThe number of carbon atoms is six.The number of carbon atoms is twelve(b) Difference between Kwashiorkor and Marasmus (Age):KwashiorkorMarasmusIt affects children of 2-5 years of age.It affects infants below the age of 1 year.(c) Difference between Tocopherol and Pantothenic acid (Solubility):TocopherolPantothenic acidIt is soluble in fat.It is soluble in water.(d) Difference between Malnutrition and Undernutrition (Definition):MalnutritionUndernutritionMalnutrition is the condition in which a person suffers due to an unbalanced diet. It includes both deficiency as well as an excess of nutrients in a person's diet.Undernutrition refers to the condition in which a person suffers from poor nutrition caused by not having enough food containing essential nutrients.(e) Difference between Iron and Iodine (Deficiency diseases):IronIodineIron deficiency results in Anaemia.Iodine deficiency causes Goitre and Cretinism.

Question 3

Question 4Taking the examples of whole grain atta, fruit and green leafy vegetables, describe how roughage in our diet is useful.

Accepted Answer

Whole grain atta, fruits and green leafy vegetables are the chief sources of roughage. The benefits of roughage are:It enables undigested food to move easily through the intestines.It stimulates secretion from the digestive tract.It helps in the removal of cholesterol and toxins.It prevents constipation as it absorbs water and retains it making the faecal matter soft.It simulates the muscle contraction in the intestinal wall, making the movement of faecal matter easy.

Question 4

Question 1(vii)Which of the following components of a balanced diet enables easy movement of the food through the intestines?FatsProteinsRoughageVitamins

Accepted Answer

RoughageReason — Roughage is not digested by our body and hence do not provide any nutrition but it maintains gut health by enabling easy movement of the food through the intestines.

Question 5

Question 1(x)The disease caused due to the deficiency of Thiamine is:OsteomalaciaBeri beriRicketsDermatitis

Accepted Answer

Beri beriReason — Thiamine or vitamin B1 deficiency results in beri beri.

Question 6

Question 1(xi)Identify the mineral nutrients P and Q based on their roles in the human body.Mineral nutrientRole in human bodyPProduction of chemical energy (ATP)QProcess of blood clottingP — Calcium, Q — PhosphorusP — Phosphorus, Q — IodineP — Phosphorus, Q — CalciumP — Iodine, Q — Calcium

Accepted Answer

P — Phosphorus, Q — CalciumReason — Phosphorus is a key component of ATP (adenosine triphosphate), the energy currency of cells. Calcium plays a vital role in the coagulation cascade, a series of reactions that lead to the formation of a blood clot.

Question 7

Question 2Give two examples each of the following and their usefulness, if any, in our body.MonosaccharidesDisaccharidesPolysaccharides

Accepted Answer

Monosaccharides:Examples — Glucose, FructoseUsefulness — Glucose provides an instant source of energy. Fructose enhances glucose metabolism and facilitates disposal of dietary carbohydrate load.Disaccharides:Examples — Sucrose, LactoseUsefulness — Sucrose is the commercial sugar that is broken down into Glucose and Fructose by the body to provide the energy needed for physical and mental functions. Lactose is the natural sugar found in milk. Lactose acts as an excellent, slow release energy source and causes lesser tooth decay.Polysaccharides:Examples — Cellulose, GlycogenUsefulness — Cellulose provides roughage for proper functioning of gut. Glycogen serves as a fuel reserve for the body. The controlled breakdown of glycogen and release of glucose increase the amount of glucose that is available between meals.

Question 8

Question 3Write the important roles of the following food components in our body.(a) Cellulose(b) Fat(c) Proteins(d) Calcium(e) Phosphorus

Accepted Answer

(a) Cellulose provide roughage for proper functioning of gut.(b) Fat provides energy and helps to repair tissues.(c) Protein builds as well as repairs cells and tissues.(d) Calcium is constituent of bones and enamel. It is required for muscle contraction and clotting of blood.(e) Phosphorus participates in synthesis of nucleic acid, ATP, NADP, bones, enamel. It helps in muscle contraction and conduction of nerve impulse.

Question 9

Question 5Mark the odd one out in each of the following cases and name the category to which the others belong:Xerophthalmia, Marasmus, Pellagra, Scurvy.Riboflavin, Thiamine, Folic acid, Iodine.Glucose, Fructose, Galactose, Lactose.Cellulose, Glycogen, Fructose, Starch.Calcium, Sodium, Iron, Potassium.

Accepted Answer

Marasmus — Marasmus is the odd one out as it is a diseases caused by deficiency of Carbohydrates, fats and proteins whereas the others namely Xerophthalmia, Pellagra, Scurvy are vitamin deficiency diseases.Iodine — Iodine is the odd one out as it is a mineral element whereas the others namely Riboflavin, Thiamine, Folic acid are Vitamins.Lactose — Lactose is the odd one out as it is disaccharide or double sugar made up of galactose and glucose, whereas glucose, fructose and galactose are monosaccharides.Fructose — Fructose is the odd one out as it is water soluble sugar whereas cellulose, glycogen, and starch are polysaccharides that are not soluble in water.Iron — Iron is the odd one out as it is micronutrient whereas Calcium, Sodium and Potassium are macronutrients

Question 10

Question 8Identify the deficiency diseases with the help of the clues given below :(a) Delay in blood clotting time.(b) Swelling of the thyroid gland in the neck region.(c) Poor mental and physical growth in children.(d) Poor vision in dim light.(e) Dryness of the cornea and ulceration in the eye.

Accepted Answer

(a) Haemorrhage — due to deficiency of Vitamin K(b) Goitre — due to deficiency of Iodine(c) Cretinism — due to deficiency of Iodine(d) Night Blindness — due to deficiency of Vitamin A(e) Xerophthalmia — due to deficiency of Vitamin A

Question 11

Question 9Complete the following:(a) Glucose + ............... → Lactose(b) Glucose + Glucose → ...............(c) ............... + Fructose → Sucrose(d) (C6H10O5)n → ...............(e) Amino acid1 + Amino acid2 + Amino acid3 + Amino acidn→ ...............

Accepted Answer

(a) Glucose + Galactose → Lactose(b) Glucose + Glucose → Maltose(c) Glucose + Fructose → Sucrose(d) (C6H10O5)n → Starch(e) Amino acid1 + Amino acid2 + Amino acid3 + Amino acidn→ Protein

Nutrition [Nutrition in General]

Assertion Reason Type

Long Answer Type

Multiple Choice Type

Short Answer Type

Very Short Answer Type