ICSE Class 9 Biology
Question 1 of 11
Seeds - Structure and Germination — Question 1
Back to all questions(a) Difference between Monocotyledonous and Dicotyledonous seeds:
| Monocotyledonous seed | Dicotyledonous seeds |
|---|---|
| Single cotyledon | Two cotyledons |
| Large endosperm | No endosperm or less endosperm |
| Plumule leaves rolled | Plumule leaves folded |
| Hilum and micropyle not visible. | Hilum and micropyle visible. |
| Fruit wall and seed wall are fused. | Seed are present inside the fruit separately. |
(b) Difference between Epicotyl and Hypocotyl:
| Epicotyl | Hypocotyl |
|---|---|
| The segment of the embryo or axis between the plumule and the cotyledons is known as epicotyl. | The segment of the embryo or axis between radical and the cotyledons is called Hypocotyl. |
| If the epicotyl elongates, the cotyledons remain underground and the germination is then called hypogeal germination. | If the hypocotyl elongates, the cotyledons are pushed above the ground and the germination is then called epigeal germination. |
(c) Difference between Epigeal and Hypogeal germination:
| Epigeal germination | Hypogeal germination |
|---|---|
| Cotyledons are pushed above the ground. | Cotyledons remain underground. |
| Hypocotyl elongates faster. | Epicotyl elongates faster. |
| Usually occurs in dicotyledonous seeds. | Usually occurs in monocotyledonous seeds. |
(d) Difference between Radicle and Plumule:
| Radicle | Plumule |
|---|---|
| Radicle is the part of embryo that gives rise to the root. | Plumule is the part of embryo that give rise to the shoot. |
| Radicle is the first structure to emerge during germination. | Plumule remains enclosed within the seed until germination occurs. |
| Radicle grows downward into the soil and anchors the plant, absorbing water and nutrients from the ground. | Plumule emerges from the seed and grows upwards, eventually developing into the stem and leaves of the plant. |
(e) Difference between Albuminous and Exalbuminous seeds:
| Albuminous seeds | Exalbuminous seeds |
|---|---|
| Cotyledons are thin and membranous. | Cotyledons are thick and fleshy. |
| Endosperm persists. | Endosperm does not persist. |