Question 1

Question 13State the principal factors affecting the distribution of rainfall. Which are the wettest regions of the world?

Accepted Answer

The principal factors affecting the distribution of rainfall are:Latitude — The latitudinal belt of maximum precipitation is found in the equatorial Zone between 8° N to 8° S along with the seasonal shifting of the Doldrums. The shifting of the Trade Winds causes winter rains in Mediterranean Regions in Europe. Trade Winds blow from North-East to South-West, they shed maximum moisture on the Eastern margins of the continents and western margins are left dry.Continents and oceans — Places which are located away from the sea in the interior receive relatively less precipitation than coastal areas.Mountain Barriers — They play a great role in the world distribution of precipitation by causing orographic rainfall on the windward side while the leeward side remains dry or receives little rainfall.The latitudinal belt between 8° N to 8° S is the wettest region of the world.

Question 2

Question 14Give two examples of the areas that receive less than 25 cm of rainfall.

Accepted Answer

Two examples of the areas that receive less than 25 cm of rainfall are:Desert area of RajasthanDesert of China(Gobi desert).

Source: This question is from Humidity, Geography &mdash; Class 9, ICSE Board.
Key Concepts CoveredThis question tests your understanding of the following concepts from the chapter Humidity: Question, Areas, Receive, Less, Rainfall, Humidity. These are fundamental topics in Geography that students are expected to master as part of the ICSE Class 9 curriculum.A thorough understanding of these concepts will help you answer similar questions confidently in your ICSE examinations. These topics are frequently tested in both objective and subjective sections of Geography papers. We recommend revising the relevant section of your textbook alongside practising these solved examples to build a strong foundation.
How to Approach This QuestionRead the question carefully and identify what is being asked. Break down complex questions into smaller parts. Use the terminology and concepts discussed in this chapter. Structure your answer logically — begin with a definition or key statement, then provide supporting details. Review your answer to ensure it addresses all parts of the question completely.
Key Points to RememberReference specific locations, latitudes, or regions in your answers.
Explain both physical and human factors where applicable.
Use map references and diagrams to strengthen answers.
Link geographic concepts to current real-world examples.
Related Questions from HumidityQ1: Question 1 Condensation is regarded as the reverse process of evaporation. Imagine if this reverse...
Q10: Question 3(b) Describe briefly the orographic and convectional rainfall.
Q11: Question 3(c) Give a geographical reason for each of the following: (i) A rain shadow area is...
Q12: Question 3(d) Define precipitation. Explain briefly the three forms of precipitation.
Q13: Question 13 State the principal factors affecting the distribution of rainfall. Which are the...
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Question 3

Question 15Explain the process of precipitation in brief.

Accepted Answer

The formation of clouds by condensation takes place due to adiabatic cooling. For precipitation air must be saturated and temperature below dew point must be reached. The air must contain small particles of matter such as dust around which droplets form. When the cold droplets, ice pellets or ice crystals grow to such a large size as to overcome the normal buoyancy, precipitation occurs.

Question 4

Question 16Name the three types of rainfall.

Accepted Answer

The three types of rainfall are:Convectional rainfallOrographic rainfallCyclonic Rainfall

Source: This question is from Humidity, Geography &mdash; Class 9, ICSE Board.
Key Concepts CoveredThis question tests your understanding of the following concepts from the chapter Humidity: Question, Rainfall, Humidity, Geography. These are fundamental topics in Geography that students are expected to master as part of the ICSE Class 9 curriculum.A thorough understanding of these concepts will help you answer similar questions confidently in your ICSE examinations. These topics are frequently tested in both objective and subjective sections of Geography papers. We recommend revising the relevant section of your textbook alongside practising these solved examples to build a strong foundation.
How to Approach This QuestionRead the question carefully and identify what is being asked. Break down complex questions into smaller parts. Use the terminology and concepts discussed in this chapter. Structure your answer logically — begin with a definition or key statement, then provide supporting details. Review your answer to ensure it addresses all parts of the question completely.
Key Points to RememberReference specific locations, latitudes, or regions in your answers.
Explain both physical and human factors where applicable.
Use map references and diagrams to strengthen answers.
Link geographic concepts to current real-world examples.
Related Questions from HumidityQ1: Question 1 Condensation is regarded as the reverse process of evaporation. Imagine if this reverse...
Q10: Question 3(b) Describe briefly the orographic and convectional rainfall.
Q11: Question 3(c) Give a geographical reason for each of the following: (i) A rain shadow area is...
Q12: Question 3(d) Define precipitation. Explain briefly the three forms of precipitation.
Q13: Question 13 State the principal factors affecting the distribution of rainfall. Which are the...
Practice more questions from Humidity &mdash; Geography, Class 9 ICSE

Question 5

Question 17Mention two characteristics of orographic rainfall.

Accepted Answer

Two characteristics of orographic rainfall are:When the moisture laden wind rises along the windward slope of the mountain the pressure on it decreases, the air expands and cools.On the leeward side, as the dry air descends the mountain slopes, the pressure decreases.

Question 6

Question 18Name the factors necessary for convectional rainfall.

Accepted Answer

The factors necessary for convectional rainfall are:Intense heating of the surface.Abundant supply of moisture

Source: This question is from Humidity, Geography &mdash; Class 9, ICSE Board.
Key Concepts CoveredThis question tests your understanding of the following concepts from the chapter Humidity: Question, Factors, Necessary, Convectional, Rainfall, Humidity. These are fundamental topics in Geography that students are expected to master as part of the ICSE Class 9 curriculum.A thorough understanding of these concepts will help you answer similar questions confidently in your ICSE examinations. These topics are frequently tested in both objective and subjective sections of Geography papers. We recommend revising the relevant section of your textbook alongside practising these solved examples to build a strong foundation.
How to Approach This QuestionRead the question carefully and identify what is being asked. Break down complex questions into smaller parts. Use the terminology and concepts discussed in this chapter. Structure your answer logically — begin with a definition or key statement, then provide supporting details. Review your answer to ensure it addresses all parts of the question completely.
Key Points to RememberReference specific locations, latitudes, or regions in your answers.
Explain both physical and human factors where applicable.
Use map references and diagrams to strengthen answers.
Link geographic concepts to current real-world examples.
Related Questions from HumidityQ1: Question 1 Condensation is regarded as the reverse process of evaporation. Imagine if this reverse...
Q10: Question 3(b) Describe briefly the orographic and convectional rainfall.
Q11: Question 3(c) Give a geographical reason for each of the following: (i) A rain shadow area is...
Q12: Question 3(d) Define precipitation. Explain briefly the three forms of precipitation.
Q13: Question 13 State the principal factors affecting the distribution of rainfall. Which are the...
Practice more questions from Humidity &mdash; Geography, Class 9 ICSE

Question 7

Question 19Where does cyclonic rainfall occur?

Accepted Answer

Cyclonic rainfall is common throughout the Doldrums where the Trade winds meet.

Source: This question is from Humidity, Geography &mdash; Class 9, ICSE Board.
Key Concepts CoveredThis question tests your understanding of the following concepts from the chapter Humidity: Question, Cyclonic, Rainfall, Occur, Humidity, Geography. These are fundamental topics in Geography that students are expected to master as part of the ICSE Class 9 curriculum.A thorough understanding of these concepts will help you answer similar questions confidently in your ICSE examinations. These topics are frequently tested in both objective and subjective sections of Geography papers. We recommend revising the relevant section of your textbook alongside practising these solved examples to build a strong foundation.
How to Approach This QuestionRead the question carefully and identify what is being asked. Break down complex questions into smaller parts. Use the terminology and concepts discussed in this chapter. Structure your answer logically — begin with a definition or key statement, then provide supporting details. Review your answer to ensure it addresses all parts of the question completely.
Key Points to RememberReference specific locations, latitudes, or regions in your answers.
Explain both physical and human factors where applicable.
Use map references and diagrams to strengthen answers.
Link geographic concepts to current real-world examples.
Related Questions from HumidityQ1: Question 1 Condensation is regarded as the reverse process of evaporation. Imagine if this reverse...
Q10: Question 3(b) Describe briefly the orographic and convectional rainfall.
Q11: Question 3(c) Give a geographical reason for each of the following: (i) A rain shadow area is...
Q12: Question 3(d) Define precipitation. Explain briefly the three forms of precipitation.
Q13: Question 13 State the principal factors affecting the distribution of rainfall. Which are the...
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Question 8

Question 5Assertion (A): Under conditions of high relative humidity, the rate of evaporation of sweat from the skin decreases and the human being feels warm and uncomfortable.Reason (R): The human body dissipates heat through perspiration and its evaporation.Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.Both A and R are true but R does not explain A.A is true but R is false.A is false but R is true.

Accepted Answer

Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.Explanation — Human comfort depends on humidity. Highly humid air is more oppressive. The human body dissipates heat through perspiration and its evaporation. Under conditions of high relative humidity, the rate of evaporation of sweat from the skin decreases which results in the human being feeling warm and uncomfortable.

Question 9

Question 1(b)Distinguish between Absolute Humidity and Relative Humidity.

Accepted Answer

Absolute HumidityRelative HumidityIt is the measure of the actual amount of water vapour in the air, regardless of temperature.It measures water vapour in air but relative to maximum vapour that the air can hold at that temperature.It is expressed as grams of moisture per cubic meter of air.It is expressed as the ratio between the absolute humidity of a given mass of air and the maximum amount of water vapour that it can hold at the same temperature.The higher the amount of water vapour, the higher is the absolute humidity.Warm air possesses more water vapour than cold air, so with the same amount of absolute humidity, air will have a different relative humidity depending on temperature.In weather calculations, absolute humidity is generally not taken into account.It is the essential characteristic of weather forecasts, which indicates the likelihood of precipitation, dew or fog.

Question 10

Question 1(c)Give a geographical reason for each of the following:(i) The total volume of water in the oceans and seas remains constant.(ii) In Equatorial regions the sky often remains overcast with clouds.(iii) When relative humidity is 100% the temperature reading on both wet and dry thermometers is the same.

Accepted Answer

(i) The total volume of water in the oceans and seas remains constant because all the water that evaporates from the earth's water bodies is eventually returned to it directly by the process of condensation and precipitation, and indirectly by stream and overflow from land surfaces.(ii) In Equatorial regions the sky often remains overcast with clouds due to excessive heat. The high temperature leads to the rapid heating of air. Such heated air rises in convectional currents, leading to development of clouds at about 10 km height.(iii) This is because when relative humidity is 100%, the air is fully saturated with moisture and it will not hold any more vapour at that temperature. Since saturated air will not allow evaporation, the temperature reading on both the dry and wet thermometers will be the same.

Question 11

Question 1(d)Draw a well labelled diagram showing orographic rainfall.

Accepted Answer

Below labelled diagram shows orographic rainfall:

Question 12

Question 2(b)Explain the atmospheric conditions that favour condensation.

Accepted Answer

The atmospheric conditions that favour condensation are-There should be a high amount of water vapour present in atmosphere.Minuscule particles of dust, salt and even smoke act as condensation nuclei.The temperature of air must be below dew point temperature so as to encourage condensation.

Question 13

Question 2(c)Give a geographical reason for each of the following:(i) Condensation is the reverse process of evaporation.(ii) Coasts receive more rainfall than the interior of the continents.(iii) The windward sides of mountains receive more rainfall than the leeward sides.

Accepted Answer

(i) Condensation is the reverse process of evaporation as evaporation is the process by which water vapour enters the atmosphere on heating while condensation is the process by which water vapour is converted back to water droplets on cooling.(ii) Coasts receive more rainfall than the interior of the continents because the humidity in the clouds is high when they are at the coast. When they reach the interior of the continents, they have already shed water in the form of rain, and so, they do not have much humidity left to cause rainfall.(iii) The windward sides of mountains receive more rainfall than the leeward sides because the sudden ascent of warm moist air on the windward sides causes cooling of air, leading to condensation and precipitation.On the contrary, on descending the leeward slope, a decrease in altitude increases both the pressure and the temperature, leading the air to get compressed and warm. Consequently, the relative humidity drops and there is evaporation and little or no precipitation in the rain shadow area.

Question 14

Question 2(d)Draw a well labelled diagram showing convectional rainfall.

Accepted Answer

Below labelled diagram shows convectional rainfall:

Question 15

Question 3(a)How is dew formed? What is the difference between fog and mist?

Accepted Answer

When water vapour condenses on the surface, it forms tiny droplets of water called dew.The difference between fog and mist is as follows-FogMistDroplets of water suspended in the atmosphere close to the surface of the earth are termed as fog.It refers to the formation of clouds due to change in temperature or change in humidity.The density of fog is quite high.The density of mist is quite low.The visibility in fog is lower when compared to mist.The visibility in mist is higher when compared to fog.The duration of fog is comparatively longer than mist.The duration of mists is comparatively shorter than fog.

Question 16

Question 3(b)Describe briefly the orographic and convectional rainfall.

Accepted Answer

Orographic rainfall — It occurs from the cooling of warm moist air which ascends above the mountain barrier lying in the direction of the prevailing winds. The presence of mountains causes humid air to rise. The sudden ascent causes cooling of air, leading to condensation and precipitation.Convectional rainfall — This type of rainfall is common in equatorial regions. The high temperature leads to the rapid heating of air. Such heated air rises in convectional currents, leading to development of clouds at about 10 km height. Ascending currents of hot and humid air causes condensation of the clouds, resulting in heavy rainfall.

Question 17

Question 3(c)Give a geographical reason for each of the following:(i) A rain shadow area is generally dry.(ii) Frontal rain is common in mid-latitudes.(iii) Convectional rainfall is called 4 o'clock rainfall.

Accepted Answer

(i) The sudden ascent of warm moist air on the windward sides causes cooling of air, leading to condensation and precipitation.On the contrary, on descending the leeward slope, a decrease in altitude increases both the pressure and the temperature, leading the air to get compressed and warm. Consequently, the relative humidity drops and there is evaporation and little or no precipitation in the rain shadow area. Hence, a rain shadow area is generally dry.(ii) Frontal rain is common in mid-latitudes due to the meeting of the sub-tropical and polar air masses. It is caused by convergence of two different air masses with different temperatures and other physical properties. When warm and cold air masses confront each other, the warmer air generally climbs above the colder air. The rising air is cooled while undergoing a frontal lift. This causes precipitation. Such precipitation is called cyclonic rainfall.(iii) Convectional rainfall is called 4 o'clock rainfall as this type of rainfall occurs in the afternoon at about 4 o'clock. This is because the heat from the sun builds up throughout the day, causing the air to rise and form clouds that eventually bring rain in late afternoon around 4 o'clock.

Question 18

Question 3(d)Define precipitation. Explain briefly the three forms of precipitation.

Accepted Answer

The process by which products of condensation, water droplets, ice crystals, sleet, etc., fall to ground is known as precipitation.The three forms of precipitation are-Rain — It is the most common form of precipitation. Raindrops of smaller size and less intensity are known as drizzle.Snow — Water droplets which rise higher and freeze on account of drop in temperature is called snow. Snowfall usually occurs in winters in cold climates or on high mountains.Hail — Sometimes, vertical air currents may push water droplets or ice particles higher. They form into solid ice and fall as hail. Hailstones cause great damage to crops.

Question 19

Question 1Condensation is regarded as the reverse process of evaporation. Imagine if this reverse process does not happen, what would be its consequences on climate and human beings? Also state the conditions under which this reversal may not happen.

Accepted Answer

If condensation does not occur, it would have significant consequences on climate and human beings:Climate consequences —Reduced cloud formation — Without condensation, clouds would be scarce or non-existent, leading to decreased cloud cover and overall cloud-related phenomena.Decreased precipitation — The absence of condensation would result in limited or no rainfall, leading to drought conditions and water scarcity.Disrupted water cycle — Condensation is a key component of the water cycle. Without condensation, the water cycle would be disrupted, affecting the distribution and availability of water resources.Human consequences —Water scarcity — The lack of condensation and subsequent reduced precipitation would result in water scarcity, affecting drinking water supplies, agriculture, and various industries dependent on water resources.Impact agriculture and food production — Insufficient rainfall due to the absence of condensation would negatively impact agricultural productivity, leading to crop failures and food shortages.Ecosystem disruption — Condensation plays a vital role in sustaining ecosystems by providing water for plants, animals, and other organisms. Without condensation, ecosystems would suffer from water stress, impacting biodiversity and ecological balance.Possible conditions under which this reversal may not happen are:Extremely low humidity — If the air has extremely low humidity levels, there may not be enough moisture present for condensation to occur.Lack of condensation nuclei — In the absence of sufficient condensation nuclei, condensation may be hindered.Absence of cooling mechanism — Lack of cooling, such as the ascent of air masses or interaction of warm and cold air, hindering condensation.

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