(i) Distance from the sea affects the temperature of a place as the sea breeze blowing from the sea towards the land cools the coastal regions during the day. At night, the land breeze makes the sea cooler. This interchange of breeze maintains the heat balance. Hence, the areas close to the sea have a lower daily and annual ranges of temperatures and enjoy a moderate climate than the areas lying in the interior.
(ii) Land is heated and cooled faster than the sea because water is mobile and the warm water mixes easily with the cold water and is neither heated nor cooled quickly. On the other hand, the Sun's rays heat a piece of land more rapidly because unlike water, the heat obtained by the area remains confined to that area and does not mix with other areas of land.
(iii) The ports of the western coast of Europe remain ice-free during winter due to the warm effect of the Gulf Stream and North Atlantic Drift.